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What is Life In Schools Like?. School as an Agent of Socialization. Formal or explicit curriculum Informal, implicit, or hidden curriculum
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School as an Agent of Socialization • Formal or explicit curriculum • Informal, implicit, or hidden curriculum • Culture--each school has its own culture. This culture is a set of beliefs, values, traditions, and ways of thinking and behaving that distinguishes it from other social institutions and from other schools.
The Teacher’s Roles • Gatekeeper • Dispenser of supplies • Grantor of special privileges • Timekeeper
Delay--”hurry up and wait” Waiting Denial of desire Interruptions Social distraction What students experience
Organizational variables • Ability grouping • Retention or passing • Inclusion of students with disabilities • Teacher-or student-centered instruction • Expository vs, constructivist
Grouping patterns • Or, what to do with seventh graders? • Extended elementary schools, 1-8 or K-8 • Middle schools--4-8, 5-8. 6-8. 7 & 8? • Junior high schools--6-9, 7-9, 8 & 9? • Middle school research would definitely keep the 9th graders out of middle school
Emphasis of licensure • High school tends to be subject-centered • Middle school is more student centered
Multiple-purpose high schools • Academic tracks stress traditional subjects such as English, mathematics, science, and foreign languages as preparation for college • General tracks allow more electives and usually less stressful core courses • Vocational tracks usually try to include curricula that are immediately practical
The Call for High School Reform • Personalization • Coherence--integrated subject fields instead of separate • Time--block scheduling rather than 50-minute Carnegie units • Technology
Peer cultures • Jocks--those who eagerly embrace the framework and structure of the school • Burnouts--accept the need for graduation, but distance themselves from the relationship of the high school • Druggies • Nerds/geeks/dweebs/dorks
40 percent are just going through the motions of schooling One in six hides abilities because of what others might think 40 percent of parents never attended school function 2/3rds of students worked, half spending 15 hours or more on the job 20 to 25 hours per week with friends 70 % spend less than 5 hours per week on homework Influences on Student Achievement
School life may seem like chaos But it does have organization and pattern