Parent material, surface soil, and fertilization controls over decomposition rates

1. Parent material, surface soil, and fertilization controls over decomposition rates

2. Collaborators • Rocky Mountain Research Station • Deb Page-Dumroese • Joanne Tirocke • Scott Baggett • Intermountain Forest Tree Nutrition Cooperative • Mark Kimsey • Terry Shaw • Michigan Technological University • Martin Jurgensen • Oregon State University Extension • Raini Rippy

3. Overview • Background – why use wood stakes? • Some results • Pondering the results (or what this might mean for managers)

4. Background – why look at decomposition? • Soil organic matter maintains site productivity because of its role in: • Water availability • Aggregate stability • Nutrient cycling • Disease prevention • Carbon sequestration rates • Organic matter decomposition is controlled by the same factors that govern tree growth • Soil temperature and moisture • pH • Nutrients • Organic matter provides ecosystem services • Water quality, resistance to erosion, soil fertility, fiber, fuel, climate mitigation

5. Decomposition – Past studies • Most decomposition studies have been conducted • With litterbags • On top of or within the litter layer • Inconsistent material • Trials are short-lived • Few mineral soil studies

6. Using wood stakes • Mimics coarse roots or branches • A standard substrate can be used to test: • Different forest management activities • Differences with and without surface OM • Depths within the mineral soil • Compare site to site

7. Our study with IFTNC • Six sites • 3 fertilizer treatments and a control • Grand fir or cedar overstory

8. IFTNC Decomposition Sites

9. IFTNC Forest Health Sites

10. Four Treatments • Plots were fertilized in 1994, 1995 or 1996 with: • N (300 lbs/acre) • K (170 lbs/acre) • N+K (300 + 170 lbs/acre) • Control (unfertilized)

11. Soil properties • Parent Material • Basalt • Low in silica, high in K • Granite • Moderate amount of silica, moderate K • Metasediments • High in silica, low in K • Surface Soils • Tertiary sediments • Glacial • And don’t forget about an ash cap!

12. Wood stakes • Pine, aspen, and Douglas-fir were used. • Contrasting cellulose and lignin contents • Douglas-fir is a ‘local’ species

13. Stake Installation • 25 stakes (2.5 x 2.5 x 30 cm) of each species were inserted into the mineral soil of each subplot.(DF only placed at Spirit Lake and Grasshopper) • 2800 stakes in the mineral soil (total for all sites) • 25 stakes (2.5 x 2.5 x 15 cm) of each species were placed on top of forest floor and 25 more were installed at forest floor/mineral soil interface at each subplot. • 4800 surface and interface stakes (total for all sites)

14. Installation into the mineral soil • A 1” square hole is made in the mineral soil • Stake is inserted gently • Avoids altering wood properties

15. Surface and interface stakes

16. What happened?

17. The big picture – parent material

18. 6 year volume growth (productivity) Data from the IFTNC TS=tertiary sediments; *= ash cap

19. Overall decomposition rate on different parent materials and soil TS=tertiary sediments; *= ash cap

20. Overall decomposition rate on different parent materials and soil TS=tertiary sediments; *= ash cap

21. The big picture – fertilizer

22. Overall fertilizer influence on decomposition

23. Overall decomposition at each sample date

24. Finer details of the study

25. Decomposition on different parent material and soil TS=tertiary sediments; *= ash cap

26. Decomposition on different parent material and soil (Grouped by surface soil) TS=tertiary sediments; *= ash cap

27. Decomposition on different parent material and soil (Grouped by surface soil) TS=tertiary sediments; *= ash cap

28. Decomposition on different parent material and soil (Grouped by surface soil) TS=tertiary sediments; *= ash cap

29. What does it all mean? • Metasediments: • Positive relationship between fertilization and decomposition (except with both N and K) • Basalt and tertiary sediments • Decomp dramatically increases with either N or K, but not both • Granite and tertiary sediments (with ash cap) • Decomposition is less in all fertilization treatments than the control • Granite (and ash cap) • Slight decrease with K only fertilization; N and N+K greater than control • Granodiorite (with ash cap) • Control had highest decomposition rates, but every fertilization treatment showed a decline in decomposition • There ARE parent material responses

30. Some details about decomposition and parent material

31. General trends of decomposition and ecosystem K in the control treatments

32. General trends of decomposition and ecosystem K in the control treatments

33. Some results • Overall below-ground decomposition rates are slightly correlated with • Ecosystem K • Mineral soil organic matter content • Many details need to be explored • Stake species differences • Position in the mineral soil or on the soil surface • Within plot variability • Relationship within a site to ash-cap depth • Fungal species relationships • Development of the links between soil temperature and moisture with decomposition rates

34. Management Implications • Understanding both above- and below-ground responses to fertilization • Where responses may be positive or negative • This study helps describe the need to leave branches and leaves for nutrients on sites where fertilization isn’t used • How much to leave and where? • Implications for large woody residue retention and carbon sequestration

35. Thank you