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Detailed analysis of various parent materials, landforms, erosion levels, textures, drainage, and limiting layers in Northern Indiana soil profiles. Includes recommendations for land use based on soil conditions and degradation potential.

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Parent Material

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  1. Parent Material #1 Weathered bedrock Very Rare in Northern Indiana

  2. Parent Material #1 Till default: if nothing else fits judged deep in pit

  3. Parent Material #1 Outwash step 2 from water courser under finer subsoil

  4. Parent Material #1 Eolian Sand pure sand over pure sand Falls out throughout pit no pebbles judged throughout pit

  5. Parent Material #1 Loess medium surface texture (silt) no pebbles judged high in pit

  6. Parent Material #1 Alluvium Next to water organic material Medium over Medium

  7. Parent Material #1 Local Overwash Bottom of hill > 20" thick buries a dark horizon judged high in pit

  8. Slope #2 Use clinometer 0-2% Pretty level small hill 3-6% medium hill 7-12% 13-18% large hill 19-25% XL hill (steep) 26-35% Supersize hill >35% ravine

  9. Landform #3 Till, Loess, or flat Eolian Sand Parent material Upland > 3% slope hillslope swell <2%, convex water runs away depr/flat <2%, 3 sides higher

  10. Landform #3 Dune Eolian sand Parent material > 3% slope

  11. Landform #3 Filled Depression Local Overwash Parent material

  12. Landform #3 Outwash Parent material Outwash > 3% slope hillslope swell <2%, convex water runs away depr/flat <2%, 3 sides higher

  13. Landform #3 Floodplain Alluvium Parent material

  14. Color, Surface #4 Use Munsell 10yr color chart Wet down soil Judge 2" below surface

  15. Erosion #5 None to slight >6" of topsoil Moderate 2-6" of topsoil Severe <2" of topsoil

  16. Texture #6&7 (surface & subsoil)

  17. Texture #6&7 (surface & subsoil) Sandy will not ribbon Moderately Sandy ribbons <1/2" Medium ribbons 1/2-1&1/2" Moderately Clayey long ribbon, dull Clayey long ribbon, shiney

  18. Natural Drainage Diagnostic zone: dark surface judge 6" below dark surface brown/gray srface judge 10-18" below top of pit

  19. Natural Drainage #8 Poorly Mostly gray diagnostic zone Somewhat poorly NDDZ Gray suit with brown spots NDDZ Brown suit with gray spots Moderately well Little gray <30" well

  20. Limiting Layer #9 Limiting layersMust be at leats 10" thick or continue to bottom of pit Bedrock Limestone in Indiana

  21. Limiting Layer #9 Dense till Associated with calcareous deposits No plant roots present >1.75 g/cm3

  22. Limiting Layer #9 Fragipan Not in Northern Indiana

  23. Limiting Layer #9 Course Sand & Gravel (CS&G) large sand or gravelly falls out at bottom

  24. Limiting Layer #9 None within 40" nothing that qualifies as a limiting layer

  25. Current land use Naturally vegetated land forest, prairie, marsh, abandoned fields with invading trees

  26. Current land use Agricultural or developed land cropland, pasture, field borders, conservation reserves, developed land

  27. Agriclture & Environmental Practices

  28. Prime Farmland #51 Yes If: no pure sand in subsoil and >20" to bedrock or CS&G and <6% slope

  29. Soil & Water Degradation #52 high potential Yes If: soil erosion by water >2% slope and < 20" to limiting layer or >6% slope

  30. Soil & Water Degradation #53 high potential Yes If: soil erosion by wind sand on top

  31. Soil & Water Degradation #54 high potential Yes If: soil compaction wet and without pure sand

  32. Soil & Water Degradation #55 high potential Yes If: groundwater pollution wet and sandy subsoil CS&G or

  33. Soil & Water Degradation #56 high potential Yes If: surface water pollution >6% slope

  34. Vegetation and buffer practices #57 Yes If: natural vegetation always

  35. Vegetation and buffer practices #58 Yes If: Grassed waterways 3 - 18% slope

  36. Vegetation and buffer practices #59 Yes If: windbreaks Sand on top

  37. Vegetation and buffer practices #60 Yes If: Filter strips <18% slope and poorly drained outwash floodplain or or

  38. Tillage and Cropping practices #61 Yes If: permanant pasture <25% slope

  39. Tillage and Cropping practices #62 Yes If: Crop Rotation <18% slope

  40. Tillage and Cropping practices #63 Yes If: No-till with cover crop <12% slope and dry sand on top or

  41. Tillage and Cropping practices #64 Yes If: No-till <6% slope and dry wet without pure clay on top or

  42. Tillage and Cropping practices #65 Yes If: clean tillage <2% slope and and NO Sand on top wet

  43. Water Management practices #66 Yes If: preserve as wetland Naturally vegetated and Poor drainage wet floodplain or

  44. Water Management practices #67 Yes If: artificial drainage farmland/developed and not a floodplain wet and

  45. Water Management practices #68 Yes If: irrigation <6% slope and sand in subsoil CS&G or

  46. Water Management practices #69 Yes If: parallel terraces not poorly drained deep and and no sand in subsoil 3 - 12% slope and

  47. Chemical & Fertility practices #70 High If: Nitrogen application deep and and no sand wet and dark surface

  48. Chemical & Fertility practices #70 Medium If: Nitrogen application >20" to limiting layer and and no pure sand <12% slope anything else Low If:

  49. Chemical & Fertility practices #71 Apply If: P: Phosphorus < 30 lbs/ac Deplete If: > 200 lbs/ac

  50. Chemical & Fertility practices #72 Apply If: K: Potassium < 210 lbs/ac Deplete If: > 500 lbs/ac

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