Chapter 8 Test Review - Symbol, Algorithm, and Problem Solving Techniques

1. Review for Chapter 8 Test

2. What is an object or an act that stands for something else? • Symbol

3. a+b=c is an example of what problem solving technique? • Algorithm

4. “Mrs. Ponder almost never uses the letter C on her multiple choice test answers” is an example of what type of problem solving techniques? • Representative Heuristic

5. The beginning often language in babies occurs when the start • Learning vocabulary

6. When you randomly use each key on a set of keys to open a door, it is an example of • Trial and Error

7. Grouping of objects, events or ideas by characteristics is called • Concepts

8. An example the exemplifies the concept is called • Prototype

9. A person’s inborn tendency to acquire a language is known as • Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

10. Young children who have just learned grammar rules often • Incorrectly use words that they had used correctly before

11. Creative problem solving involves what type of thinking? • Divergent thinking

12. When someone breaks a problem down into parts try to solve each par t individually, it is called • Means-end analysis

13. In ______________ reasoning, if the basic statement leading to the conclusion is true, then the conclusion is also true. • Deductive

14. What is the problem solving method that identifies goals and the step needed to reach them? • Difference Reduction Method

15. What is the type of thinking that is limited to the available facts? • Convergent

16. If a person is the same religion that their parents are, they have probably relied on the _________________ Heuristic? • Anchoring Heuristic

17. Not traveling by airplane because of the fear of what had happened last week in the newspaper is and example of ___________ Heuristics. • Availability

18. What are the ABCDE’ s of problem solving? • A- assess the problem • B- Brainstorm approaches to the problem • C-Choose the approach that seems most likely to work • D-Do it, try the most likely approach • E-Evaluate the results

19. What is an idea or a statement that provide the basic information that allow us to draw conclusions? • Premise

20. What is the sudden understanding on when a problem is solved? • Insight

21. When someone cannot use an object other than its normal use it is called? • Functional Fixedness

22. What is it called when someone uses a balance sheet to see the positives and the negatives of a situation? • Weighing the pluses and minuses

23. What are the sounds of language? • Phonemes

24. What is the grammar of any given language called? • Syntax

25. Units of meaning in a language? • Morphemes

26. Stretching the meaning of words to refer to things for which they do not have words for is called • Overextension

27. Psychologist believe that a second language is most easily learned, when? • During early childhood

28. A form of thinking that involves using individual cases or particular facts to reach a general conclusion is called • Inductive reasoning

29. Commonly when people are working with a paper maze, they will use this problem solving technique? • Working backwards

30. The tendency to respond to a new problem with an approach that was successfully used with similar problems is called • Mental set

31. Free spontaneous production of possible e approaches or solutions to a problem is called • Brainstorming

32. The Language acquisition device is • Inborn tendency to acquire a language

33. An example of a formula would be which type of problem solving technique • Algorithm

34. Premise is true, and then the conclusion is also true in what type of reasoning? • Deductive Reasoning

35. An example that exemplifies the concept is called • Prototype

36. When someone breaks a problem down into parts trying to solve each part individually, it is called • Means-Ends Analysis

37. Using individual cases or particular facts to reach a general conclusion is what form of thinking • Inductive Reasoning

38. What is a rule of thumb, or shortcut, used to solve a problem? • Heuristic

39. What is the problem-solving method that identifies goals and the steps needed to reach them? • Difference Reduction

40. What are objects or acts that stand for something else, enable us to think about things that are not present? • Symbols

41. Functional fixedness can become • An obstacle to solving a problem • Ex. The scissors example

42. What three types of thinking are most closely related to language? • Decision making • Problem solving • Reasoning

43. Creative problem solving involves • Divergent Thinking

44. A morpheme generally consists of • Single letters • Multiple letters • Letters that form a prefix or suffix

45. In inductive reasoning, the tendency to prove the hypothesis correct is known as • Confirmation Bias

46. What is overextension? • Trying to talk about more things than they have words for

47. What are objects or acts that stand for something else, enable us to think about things that are not present? • Symbols

48. People often solve problems by trying the same solution that worked for a similar problem. • Analogy

49. Problem-solving method that identifies goals and the steps needed to reach them? • Difference Reduction Method

50. “Coach Booth never gives multiple choice tests is a statement that comes from which type of problem solving technique? • Representativeness heuristic