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Analysis in Close Reading

Analysis in Close Reading. S5. Analysis. Analysis questions ask you to think about HOW the writer is expressing ideas. They will deal with aspects of style: sentence structure, punctuation. Word choice, expression, figures of speech, structure and tone.

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Analysis in Close Reading

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  1. Analysis in Close Reading S5

  2. Analysis • Analysis questions ask you to think about HOW the writer is expressing ideas. • They will deal with aspects of style: sentence structure, punctuation. Word choice, expression, figures of speech, structure and tone. • You are usually expected to quote something AND provide an explanation in your own words.

  3. Sentence Structure • Always explain the EFFECT of the sentence as well as describing it’s main feature. • Sentence structure means how it is made up. The punctuation can be helpful in giving clues about structure.

  4. Sentence Structure • STATEMENTS… tell you something. Ends with full stop. • QUESTIONS…ask something, always end with question mark. May challenge reader or show uncertainty of writer. Are they rhetorical? If so, they stir up strong feelings in reader. • COMMANDS…tell you to do something. • EXCLAMATIONS…express excitement or surprise. • MINORSENTENCES…don’t contain a verb. Often create a tense or dramatic mood. Typical of informal language. • Practice – page 17

  5. Sentence Structure • Complex sentences Long sentences containing several verbs and clauses. The more complex the sentence, the formal the language. Eg. It is merely to suspect that physicians marry quality with quantity when they judge how far to intervene. • Simple sentences Shorter sentences with only one verb. They are typical of speech and types of language which aim to communicate quickly and directly. Eg. The older generation are a canny bunch.

  6. Sentence Structure • Word Order • INVERSION…the normal word order is reversed. Eg, ‘Back we went’ instead of ‘we went back’. • LIST…to list verbs or nouns in a sentence. • REPETITION…to repeat. • CLIMAX…verbs in a list that have a sense of progress and end with the most powerful. Eg, ‘I came, I saw, I conquered.’ List creates a sense of action, repetition of ‘I’ suggests a speaker who is egotistical and dominating.

  7. Sentence Structure • Parts of Speech • NOUNS(name of a person, place or thing), VERBS (a ‘doing’ word), ADJECTIVES(a describing word), ADVERBS (a word that describes a verb), PRONOUNS (can replace a noun like ‘he’ ‘it’), PREPOSITIONS (links nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in sentence eg, ‘on’ ‘in’ ‘above’), CONJUNCTIONS(a linking word) and ARTICLES (‘a’ and ‘the’). • Practice – page 20

  8. Sentence Structure • Parenthesis • This is extra information inserted into a sentence and enclosed by a pair of commas, brackets or dashes. • It may be a single word or phrase. • Although the sentence will still make sense if the parenthesis wasn’t there, it adds something significant and makes meaning clearer. • Eg. “A girl, not of her set, called Judith, giggled. • It may also affect the tone by adding a humorous or ironic comment. • Eg. “The responsibility of the officer is to look after, to supervise, to lead (whatever that means).”

  9. Sentence Structure • Step 1 – look out for the types of sentences the writer uses. • Step 2 – consider whether sentences are long and complex or short and simple. • Step 3 – look at the arrangement of words within the sentence.

  10. Practice! • Language Skills • Pages 22-26

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