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Barriers for Deconstruction and Recycling of the Currently Built Single Detached Houses. S. Nakajima Building Research Institute J. Koga Building Research Institute. Recycle ratio of concrete and wood. The recycle ratio is increasing for these ten years in Japan. Concrete. Wood.
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Barriers for Deconstruction and Recycling of the Currently Built Single Detached Houses S. Nakajima Building Research InstituteJ. Koga Building Research Institute
Recycle ratio of concrete and wood The recycle ratio is increasing for these ten years in Japan. Concrete Wood
Recycle ratio of concrete and wood Most of the concrete wastes are used for road beddings. Concrete Wood
Recycle ratio of concrete and wood Most of the wooden wastes are used in the production of energy. Concrete Wood
Other Materials • Gypsum boards: • Glass: • Plastics: The recycle ratio of the deconstruction waste are still very low.
Introduction • Currently built single detached houses are significantly difficult to deconstruct and the waste generated during the dismantling process have low potential to be recycled as raw materials to reproduce building materials or other products. • To make effective feedback loops of the building materials it is quite necessary to design houses that can be easily deconstructed. • To do this it is quite necessary to precisely know what is ongoing on the deconstruction or dismantle sites to get the ideas for better design.
Introduction Continued • The dismantling or deconstruction process of 16 single detached houses were carefully recorded to get information that can be fed backed to the design of the houses.
Record Keeping on Site • The record of the whole dismantling or deconstruction process of the 16 houses was kept on site. • The types of the dismantling or deconstruction works and amount of the workers being involved in each work were recorded every 30 minutes.
Items of the Dismantling Works Machine Works Hand Works Waste Transportation Others Works and Activities
Sub Items of the “Hand Works” Curing Removing furniture Hand Works Removing facilities Removing doors and windows Removing flooring materials Removing fixed furniture Removing interior finish Removing interior fittings Removing gypsum boards ･･････ Total 17 sub items Etc.
Sub Items of the “Machine Works” Preparation works Machine Works Dismantling Building Dismantling building Separating waste by machine Moving waste by machine Loading waste by machine Water sprinkling by hand Separating waste assisted by hand Loading waste assisted by hand Dismantling Foundation ････････ Total 5 sub items Etc.
Sub Items of the “Transportation” Waste Transportation Transportation Arranging the bed of the truck / Taking photos Write the declarer sheets Transportation Preparation works Loading and unloading the container Truck washing
Sub Items of the “Other Works” Others Works and Activities Cleaning Consultation Break Waiting Preparation works Instruction
Database and Tool • The records kept on the dismantling and deconstruction site were formed into a database. • A tool was prepared to demonstrate and analyze the data. Items of works Numbers of workers in charged Date and time Machine operation Detail information DATABASE
Data Demonstrating Window The types of works being conducted
Data Demonstration Window Number of workers being involved
Data Demonstration Window Usage of dismantling machine YES / NO
Data View Window Detail Information of the of the dismantling or deconstruction works
Data View Window Date and time
Data Analyzing Window By choosing the item and the sub- item the total works for those items can be calculated.
Data Analyzing Window By choosing “Machine Operation (Y/N)” the total works consumed in machine dismantling process can be calculated
Data Analyzing Window All dismantling works were categorized into 6 types of dismantling processes. The processes are: (1) Dismantling / Deconstruction (2) Separation and selection (3) Loading (4) Preparation works (5) Transportation works (6) Other works and activities Works spent in each process can be calculated.
Data Analyzing Window Results
Results – Works Spent Works spent to dismantle or deconstruct a unit floor area. Dismantled Deconstructed
P&B Wood Panel P&B 2x4 Steel Framed Steel Framed Ratio of Each Work Dismantled Deconstructed
P&B Wood Panel P&B 2x4 Steel Framed Steel Framed Ratio of Each Works In average 65% of the dismantling work was spent in the dismantling works.
Ratio of Each Work P&B Wood Panel P&B 2x4 Steel Framed Steel Framed In average 40% of the work was spent in dismantling the house by hand.
P&B Wood Panel P&B 2x4 Steel Framed Steel Framed Ratio of Each Work In average 25% of the work was spent in dismantling the house by machine.
P&B Wood Panel P&B 2x4 Steel Framed Steel Framed Ratio of Each Work In average 10% of the work was spent in transporting the waste.
Hand v.s. Machine Dismantling Work The total work required to dismantle the house depended on the work consumed in the hand dismantling process.
Works Spent in Each Process In average almost 25% of the work was spent in the dismantling process and 15% was spent in the separating and selecting process.
Types and Amount of Waste Deconstructed and rebuilt
Undesirable Designs For D • Using difficult to handle materials. For example non-packaged fiber or pulp insulation materials. These materials can easily brew away all over the floor and become difficult to handle. • Using materials composed with different types of materials.
Undesirable Designs For D • Gluing finishing materials or sub materials to the wood framings or steel framings. • Gluing different types of materials to compose slabs or walls. • Sealing the gap between the steel framings and the concrete panels.
Conclusion • The database for the dismantling process of the single detached houses was formed. • The database gives useful information for the future designing of the buildings. • Particularly the finishing materials are usually replaced say every 15 years during the service life of buildings. • At least for these materials we should think about the alternative design that enables the resource circulation.
Conclusion Continued • To design demountable houses it is important to minimize the use composite materials. • To design demountable houses it is important not to make composite members in the process of constructing buildings.
