Pearlean Day, Ph.D student in Public Health Walden University PUBH 8165-10

1. West Nile Virus for Mississippi HealthCare Providers Pearlean Day, Ph.D student in Public Health WaldenUniversity PUBH8165-10 Dr. Robert Marino Summer 2010

2. Today’s Topics What is West Nile Virus? (WNV)? Where Did WNV begin in the U.S.? How is WNV transmitted? What are the symptoms? What is the epidemiology status of WNV? How can you reduce the risk of becoming infected? How is WNV treated after diagnosis? What is being done about WNV ?

3. Learning Outcomes • Health Providers will be able to describe the transmission cycle of mosquito and how humans become infected. • Health Provider will be able to identify risk factors that increase exposure to WNV. • Health Providers will be able to determine the population at risk for contracting WNV.

4. Learning Outcome • Health Providers will be able to describe symptoms of WNV. • Health Providers will be able to develop educational awareness information on WNV for the general public. • Health Providers will know how to avoid mosquito bites to prevent infection.

5. What is WNV? • Arthropod-borne virus • Flaviviridae • Virus spread to human by an infected mosquito • Ref. www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/index.htm

6. Mosquito-Borne Illness • Bird-mosquito transmission cycle • Seasonal epidemic www.cdc.gov//mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5902a1.htm

7. Mosquito-Borne Illness • Bird-mosquito transmission cycle • Seasonal epidemic www.cdc.gov//mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5902a1.htm

8. Mosquito Borne Illness • West Nile Encephalitis (WNE) • St. Louis Encephalitis (SLE) • Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) • La Crosse Encephalitis (LAC) • Japanese Encephalitis (JE) www.cdc.gov/ncdod/dvbid/westnile/WNV

9. History of wNV www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/wnv_factsheet.htm

10. History of wNV www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5902al.ttm

12. How is WNV transmitted? www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5905al.htm

13. WNV Transmission cycle www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5902al.htm

14. Epidemiology Of WNV

15. Epidemiology Of WNV • 1999-2008 • 28, 961 confirmed and probable cases • 11, 822 WNV neuroinvasive disease cases • Onset July-September • www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5902al.htm

16. Prevalence & Incidence of WNV 1999 62 human cases 7 deaths 2000 21 human cases 2 deaths 2001 66 human cases 9 deaths 2002 4156 human cases 284 deaths 2004 2539 human cases 100 deaths 2005 human cases 16 deaths

17. Symptoms of WNV www.cdc.gov/ncdod/dvbid/westnile/mnv_factsheet.htm

18. SYMPTOMS OF THE VIRUS • Fever • Lack of appetite • Vomiting • Nausea • Abdominal pain • Back pain • Headache • Muscle aches • Sore throat www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile_factsheet.htm

19. SYMPTOMS Encephalitis—Inflammation of the brain Meningitis—Inflammation of the membrane covering the brain and spinal cord Poliomyelitis—Paralysis combined with feverand meningitis www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dv/westnile/qa/transmission.htm

20. SYMPTOMS About 1/150 people infected with the virus develop neurologic symptoms. www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile_factsheet.htm

21. Complications • Complication from severe WNV infection include: • Permanent brain damage • Permanent muscle weakness (sometimes similar to polio) • Death www.cdc.govncidod/dvdod/westnile/wnv_factsheet.htm

22. Screening of wNV symptoms www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/wnv_factsheet.htm

23. Mississippi WNV Statistics In 2009 WEST NILE VIRUS HUMAN CASES- TOTAL: 53 MSCOUNTIES • Clay 01 • Desoto 01 • Forrest 10 • Harrison 07 • Hinds 08 • Jackson 01 • Lamar 02 • Lee 03 • Leflore 01

24. 2009 cases • Marion 01 • Marshall 01 • Monroe 02 • Neshoba 01 • Pearl River 02 • Pike 01 • Prentiss 01 • Quitman 01 • Rankin 07 • Washington 02

25. Prevention www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvd/westnile/wnv_favctsheet.htm

26. Personal Prevention mosquito control personal protection www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvdid/westnile/wnv_factsheet.htm

27. Prevention www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbidwestnile/wnv_favtsheet.htm

28. ArboNet www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5902al.htm

29. Reporting suspected WNV Infection www.cdc.ncidod/dvbid/westnile/wnv_factsheet.htm

30. Mosquito breeding zones www.cdc.gov/ncidod/bid/westnile/qa/transmission.htm

31. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/mnv_factsheet.htm

32. WNV Outlook • Nationwide electronic database • Faster tests to detect WNV • Education tools • New test laboratories • Vaccines www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/mnv_factsheet.htm

33. PublicHealthAction • Elderly • Human Vaccines • Education Programs

34. Thank you

36. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). Surveillance for human West Nile Virus Disease --United States, 1999-2008. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). 59(SS020;)pp. 1-17. Retrieved July 2, 2010, from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5902a.htm. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). West Nile Basic. Retrieved July 5, 2010 from http://www.cdc/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/qatransmission.htm Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). West Nile Virus: What you Need to Know, CDC Factsheet. Retrieved July 5, 2010, from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/mnv_factsheet.htm Schneidner, M. J. (2006). Introduction to Public Health. (3rd Edition).Sudbury, MA: Jones and Barlett.

37. Further Resources Tsai, T.F., Vaughn D.W., Solomon, T. (2005). Flaviviruses(Yellow fever, Dengue, Dengue hemorrhagic fever, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, Tick-borne encephalitis). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. Naides, S. J.(2007). Arthropod-borne viruses causing fever and rash syndromes. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier. Bleck, T.P. (2006). Arthropod-borne viruses affecting the central nervous system. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier .

38. Questions ?