Malaria Esther Ashford MPH Student PUBH 6165-4 Walden University Environmental Health

1. Malaria Esther Ashford MPH Student PUBH 6165-4 Walden University Environmental Health Dr. Robert Marino Winter Quarter 2011 http://www.topnews.in/healthcare/content/21890deadliest-form-malaria-can-be-wiped-out-decade

2. Identify resourcesand expertise you already have that will help eliminate malaria Identify partners and organizations you can team up with to control malaria Identify charitable organizations you can give capital to fund research and the fight against malaria Identify helpful sources with credible information on malaria research and funding Learning outcomes

3. Educate the public about malaria Encourage non profit organizations to have malaria projects to educate and reduce incidence Encourage fund raising projects to reduce incidence Encourage research for malaria vaccination Encourage community input and awareness on malaria Project Goal

4. Goals continued Graphics retrieved from http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.oxfam.org.nz/imgs/killerfacts/pics/P43.jpg

5. The Task Force for Global Health, Atlanta Georgia Main stake holder/audience http://www.taskforce.org/

6. Heifer International Mission • President’s Malaria Initiative • UNICEF • World Health Organization • Roll Back Malaria http://www.taskforce.org/ http://www.heifer.org/ http://www.fightingmalaria.gov/index.html http://www.unicef.org/health/index_malaria.html http://www.who.int/en/ http://www.rbm.who.int/cmc_upload/0/000/015/363/RBMInfosheet_10.pdf Other Stake holders

7. CDC Malaria • Global Malaria Program • Public health practitioners - Global • Medical professionals – Global http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/ http://www.who.int/malaria/en/ Stake holders continued

8. Malaria is a fatal mosquito-borne disease caused by a parasite that is transmitted from one human to another by the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. Malaria is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, including parts of the Americas, Asia, and Africa. Malaria. Retrieved from the internet on December 20, 2010 at athttp://www.cdc.gov/MALARIA/ Definition

9. Plasmodium falciparum: The most common cause of infection • PlasmodiumMalariae:a parasitic protozoa • Plasmodium ovale: causes tertian malaria in humans • Plasmodiumvivax: a protozoal parasite and a human pathogen • Plasmodium knowlesi: a primate malaria parasite commonly found in Southeast Asia Malaria. Retrieved from the internet on December 20, 2010 at athttp://www.cdc.gov/MALARIA/ Causes of malaria

10. Malaria transmission cycle MALARIA TRANSMISSION CYCLE Gametogony Graphics retrieved from http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.cbu.edu/~seisen/MalariaLifeCycle02.gif

11. How you get malaria …cont Graphics retrieved from http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://globalucf.org/Assets/Malaria_Transmission_cycle

12. Fever Chills Flu-like illness Headaches Body aches Nausea and vomiting General malaise Death Graphics retrieved from the internet on January 30, 2011 at http://www.squidoo.com/saveachildfrommalaria Malaria. Retrieved from the internet on December 20, 2010 at athttp://www.cdc.gov/MALARIA/ Symptoms of Malaria

13. Hallucinations Coma Death Graphics from http://nursewriter.com/uploaded_images/malaria_blood-779309.jpg Malaria. Retrieved from the internet on December 20, 2010 at athttp://www.cdc.gov/MALARIA/ Symptoms of MalariA-SEVERE CASES

14. Malaria is the 5th cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide Malaria is the 2nd leading cause of death from infectious diseases in Africa 35 countries (30 in sub-Saharan Africa and 5 in Asia) account for 98% of global malaria deaths. 3.3 billion people, half the world’s population, live in areas at risk of malaria transmission in 109 countries and territories. Malaria. Retrieved from the internet on December 20, 2010 at athttp://www.cdc.gov/MALARIA/ Facts about malaria

15. There are 500 million cases of malaria world wide each year There are 1.5 million deaths of malaria world wide each year Malaria is the leading cause of death for children under-five in Africa – killing 1.1 million every year. In eastern and southern Africa, an estimated 30% of all recorded deaths during pregnancy are attributed to malaria infection. Malaria. Retrieved from the internet on December 20, 202 at http://www.amref.org/what-we-do/fight-disease/malaria/ Facts continued

16. Malaria is preventable and treatable Important fact Malaria. Retrieved from the internet on December 20, 202 at http://www.amref.org/what-we-do/fight-disease/malaria/

17. Treatment depends on: Disease severity Species of malaria parasite causing the infection Part of the world in which the infection was acquired. Treatment of malaria

18. Oral drugs for uncomplicated malaria Anti-malarial drugs for severe malaria Quinine most common traditional treatment Artemisinins for severe malaria Treatment of malaria …cont

19. P. falciparum can be treated with chloroquine when not chloroquine resistant. or quinine sulfate and doxycycline, tetracycline, or clindamycin or atovaquone-proguanil or mefloquine when it is chloroquine resistant P. vivax can be treated with chloroquine if not chloroquin resistant and primaquine phosphate or quinine sulfate and doxycycline or tetracycline and primaquine phosphate or mefloquine and primaquine phosphate when chloroquine resistant. P. malariae can be treated with chloroquine P. ovale can be treated with chloroquine and primaquine phosphate http://www.atsu.edu/faculty/chamberlain/Website/lectures/lecture/malaria.htm Malaria treatment …cont

20. Eliminating of mosquitoes by vector control programs Preventive measures when out door between dusk and dawn Full body Clothing Use of mosquito repellents Living quarters be air conditioned Mosquito nets Prevention of malaria http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/diagnosis_treatment/index.html

21. Malaria depends mainly on climatic factors such as: Temperature Humidity Rainfall Malaria is transmitted mainly in tropical and subtropical areas http://www.brown.edu/Research/EnvStudies_Theses/full9900/creid/climate_and_malaria.htm Where Malaria occurs

22. Malaria in the United States CDC. Malaria surveillance—United States, 2007. MMWR 55(No. SS-2);1–16.

23. Malaria transmission in the United States was successfully interrupted in the 1950's 1,505 cases of malaria among person in the United States reported in 2007 Most malaria cases are acquired outside of the United States during travel Some malaria acquired through blood transfusion Malaria in the U.S CONTINUED

24. Geographical Distribution This map shows an approximation of the parts of the world where malaria transmission occurs. Where malaria occurs. Retrieved from the internet on December 20, 2010 at http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/distribution.html

25. Treating malaria accounts for 40 per cent of public health expenditure and 25% of household income in Africa. It is also estimated that malaria imposes a ‘growth penalty’ of up to 1.3% of national income across Africa – an economic cost of US $12 billion annually. Malaria. Retrieved from the internet on December 20,2010 at http://www.amref.org/what-we-do/fight-disease/malaria/ COST OF MALARIA

26. Malaria is a killer disease Malaria holds back human life and progress Malaria prevents economic development Malaria is costly Malarial vaccine can be achieved through more funding and research About malaria. Retrieved from the internet on December 20, 2010 at http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/history/ Make a change

27. Giovanni Batista Grassi Giovanni Batista Grassi Giovanni Batista Grassi WHERE IS YOUR PICTURE? Alphonse Laveran Sir Patrick Manson Giovanni Grassi Ronald Ross Graphics retrieved from http://www.google.com/images? History of malaria. Retrieved from the internet on January 8, 2011 at http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/history/

28. Utilize all your resources and expertise to control malaria Contribute capital to help current and new programs. Assist in the research and development of new interventions Provide management and business expertise to stimulate the market for ITNs and anti-malarial drugs. Use your network of distribution channels to carry life-saving tools, medicines and prevention measures to remote communities affected by malaria. Use your marketing and public relations expertise to assist in public education campaigns http://www.rbm.who.int/cmc_upload/0/000/015/363/RBMInfosheet_10.pdf What you can do to make a change

29. MAKE YOUR CONTRIBUTION

30. Tilapia, a native African fish has had known mosquito-control properties since 1917 More research aimed at controlling and ultimately eliminating malaria is needed to fight malaria and stop unnecessary deaths. Malaria can be controlled for US$3 billion in aid per year Fund raising projects that help raise awareness, treat, prevent, and prevent deaths caused by malaria are much needed. Controlling Malaria Through Sustainable Mosquito Control. Retrieved from the internet on January 20, 2011 at http://whatsyourecotype.blogspot.com/2007/08/controlling-malaria-through-sustainable.html Tools for Tomorrow. Malaria research. Retrieved from the internet on December 20, 2010 at http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/tools_for_tomorrow/index.html Fish can fight malaria mosquitoes. Retrieved from the internet on December 20, 2010 at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6937270.stm Funding research

31. Nothing But Nets • Red Cross Malaria Prevention Program • Malaria No More • The Global Fund http://www.nothingbutnets.net/ http://american.redcross.org/site/PageServer?pagename=ntldmal_prevent_malaria http://american.redcross.org/site/PageServer?pagename=ntldmal_prevent_malaria http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/malaria/ Legitimate Malaria Charities

32. Fund malaria control Good News on Malaria Control. Retrieved from the internet on January 20, 2011 at http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=good-news-on-malaria-control

33. Thank you! Image retrieved from http://www.iphoneclub.nl/53951/serious-request-nl-en-music-for-life-be-vandaag-van-start/

34. Questions? Graphics retrieved from http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.wealthworldblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/question-mark1.jpg

35. Moeller, D. W. (2005). Environmental health (3rd ed.). Boston: Harvard University Press. • Malaria. Retrieved from the internet on December 20, 2010 at athttp://www.cdc.gov/MALARIA/ • WHO gives indoor use of DDT a clean bill of health for controlling malaria. Retrieved from the internet on December 31, 2010 at http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2006/pr50/en/ • The Task Force for Global Health. Retrieved from the internet on December 20, 2010 at http://www.taskforce.org/ • Heifer International Mission. Retrieved from the internet on December 21, 2010 at http://www.heifer.org/ • Home/ What we do / Fight Disease/ Malaria. Retrieved from the internet on January 2, 2011 at http://www.amref.org/what-we-do/fight-disease/malaria/ • World Malaria Report 2011. Retrieved from the internet on January 3, 2011 at http://www.who.int/malaria/en/ • Economic costs of malaria. Retrieved from the internet on January 3, 2011 at http://www.rbm.who.int/cmc_upload/0/000/015/363/RBMInfosheet_10.pdf references

36. Deadliest form of malaria can be wiped out in a decade. Retrieved from the internet on January 20, 2011 at http://www.topnews.in/healthcare/content/21890deadliest-form-malaria-can-be-wiped-out-decade Entomologic inoculation rates and Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence in Africa. Retrieved from the internet on January 02, 2011 at http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/content/abstract/61/1 Controlling Malaria Through Sustainable Mosquito Control . Retrieved from the internet on January 20, 2011 at http://whatsyourecotype.blogspot.com/2007/08/controlling-malaria-through-sustainable.html Climate and malaria. Retreived from the internet on January 20, 2011 at http://www.brown.edu/Research/EnvStudies_Theses/full9900/creid/climate_and_malaria.htm Malaria. Retrieved from the internet on January 20, 2011 at http://www.atsu.edu/faculty/chamberlain/Website/lectures/lecture/malaria.htm International Medical Corps and Malaria. Retrieved from the internet on January 20, 2011 at http://www.internationalmedicalcorps.org/Page.aspx?pid=498&gclid=COyE67bq0KYCFY5N2god4Wa9Jw Good News on Malaria Control. Retrieved from the internet on January 20, 2011 at http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=good-news-on-malaria-control References continued

37. National library of medicine Global Malaria Action Plan Multilateral Initiative on Malaria (MIM) research grants The Global Health Council http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mimcom/mimcomhomepage.html http://www.rbm.who.int/gmap/1-4.html http://apps.who.int/tdr/svc/empowerment/mim-tdr-research-grants http://www.globalhealth.org/news/article/3548 sources

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