North American Plant Protection Organization

1. North American Plant Protection Organization • Ian McDonell • NAPPO Executive Director • 21stTechnical Consultation among Regional Plant Protection Organizations • Entebbe, Uganda • November 30 to December 3, 2009

2. Economic impacts of Plant Protection programs • Difficult to quantify • Mostly anecdotal evidence • How much of benefits to attribute to plant protection programs • Lack of data – before and after (e.g. ISPM15) • No history of economic analysis in plant protection • Politicians and public focus on ‘those that got away’

3. What do we know? • Control and eradication costs are high • Production losses • Market losses • Environmental damage • Loss of native species

4. NAPPO case studies Potatoes NAPPO Regional standard serves as a framework to eliminate prohibitions and develop bilateral agreements Important economic and political benefits from potato trade among NAPPO countries

5. Cactoblastis cactorum(cactus moth) • Social impact: Opuntia is a valuable agricultural commodity and staple food of some of the poorest communities living in Northern Mexico • Economic impact: Annual potential loss in the United States and Mexico has been estimated at US $150 million • Benefit/Cost ratio of control program estimated at 50:1

6. Irradiation as a Postharvest treatment • NAPPO and IPPC Standards facilitated expanded use of this technology • Mexico- lack of postharvest treatments for guava • Irradiation opened US market with $5.5 million trade in first year • India exports irradiated mangoes to US • Hawaii investing in irradiation to expand export markets

7. Additional work Dr. Linda Fernandez, UC Riverside CABI- Megan Quinlan Other RPPOs?

8. Thank you!