Thinking ahead…

1. Thinking ahead… • What conditions are necessary for the formation of cities?

2. The Neolithic Era

3. Neolithic Revolution • neo = new lithic = stone • Animal domestication • Systematic agriculture

4. Domestication of Animals • Domestication • Adapting for human use • Reliable source of: • Meat • Milk • Wool • Work • Led to agricultural revolution

6. Agricultural Revolution • Abundance of food • No more need for nomadic life • Live in communities • Mesolithic Era (10000BCE – 7000BCE) • meso = middle lithic = rock • Gradual period of change

7. Systematic Agriculture • Growing food on a regular basis • Southwest Asia • Wheat and barley • Pigs, cows, goats, sheep • Spread to Europe and Mediterranean Sea by 4000BCE

9. Systematic Agriculture • Growing food on a regular basis • Nile Valley in Egypt (6000BCE) • Tubers – root crops • Yams • Tree crops • Bananas • Wheat and barley

11. Systematic Agriculture • Growing crops on a regular basis • Southeast Asia (5000BCE) • Rice • Millet • Dogs • Pigs

13. Systematic Agriculture • Growing crops on a regular basis • Western Hemisphere (7000BCE – 5000BCE) • Mesoamericans • Present-day Mexico and Central America • Beans • Squash • Maize • Dogs • Fowl

14. Farming Villages • Europe, India, Egypt, China, and Mesoamerica • Oldest in SW Asia • Jericho • 8000BCE • CatalHuyuk • 6700BCE

15. CatalHuyuk • Modern-day Turkey • 32 acres • 6000 inhabitants • Mud brick houses • Close together • Not many streets • Enter through roof

16. CatalHuyuk • Farming • At least a dozen products • Fruits • Nuts • Wheat • Domestication • Meat • Milk • Hides • Hunting

17. CatalHuyuk • Surplus • Led to creation of new occupations • Artisans • Skilled workers • Made weapons and jewelry to trade with neighboring people • Religion • Shrines • Statues of gods and goddesses • Statues of women giving birth or nursing

18. Effects of Neolithic Revolution • Settlement • Systematic agriculture • Surplus • Encouraged trade • Division of labor • Artisans and laborers • Artisans • Developed better technology

19. Effects of Neolithic Revolution • Gender roles • Men • Farming • Herding animals • Women • Caring for children • Weaving cloth for clothes • Roles in society

20. End of the Neolithic Age • 4000BCE – 3000BCE • Metalworking • Heat metal-bearing rocks • Casts and molds • Copper

21. Bronze Age • 3000BCE – 1200BCE • Bronze = copper + tin • Harder, more durable than copper

22. Iron Age • 1000BCE