Unit 5 Hanging Tough

1. Unit 5 Hanging Tough 1. They are the sort of friends who are so close they trust each other with their lives. Trust: have or place trust in sb/sth; depend on sb to do sth/use sth/look after sth properly or safely; hope

2. Trust --He is the one I can trust. --Sometimes we can’t trust what the papers say. --I would trust him with my life. --Can I trust you to post this letter? --I trust (that) she’s not seriously ill.

3. Trust Trust in sb/sth: have confidence in sb/sth --You must trust in your own judgment. Trust to sth: leave the result or progress of events to be decided by (chance, etc) --Trust to luck/fate/fortune --At such times you have to trust to instinct.

4. Lift, get beyond sth, conquer 2. If one needs a lift over some obstacles that seems impossible to get beyond, the other won’t leave until the obstacle is conquered.

5. Lift lift: raising sb/sth; elevator; free ride in a private vehicle; feeling of elation (鼓舞、振奋) --Give him a lift and he is too small to see anything. --Shall I give you a lift to the station? --Winning the scholarship gave her a tremendous lift.

6. Get beyond sth Get beyond sth: get over sth, overcome --This matter can be got beyond without much difficulty. --Truly there is something we have to get beyond before we can succeed. Be beyond sb: be impossible for sb to imagine, understand or calculate --It’s beyond me that she would marry so soon. --How a computer works is really beyond me.

7. Conquer Conquer: take possession of sth by force; gain the admiration/love of sb; defeat, overcome, etc. --In 1066 the Normans conquered England. --He conquered the hearts of many women. --New York Knicks conquered Detroit Pistons in the championship game. --Before you learn how to drive, you must learn to conquer the fear of driving. --Nature can’t be conquered. Conqueror, conquest

8. Paralyze, keep sb from doing sth 3. Mark Wellman…the Yosemite National Park ranger whose paralyzed legs don’t keep him from rock climbing. Keep sb from (doing) sth Stop sb from (doing) sth Prevent sb from (doing) sth Dissuade sb from (doing) sth Persuade sb into (doing) sth Prohibit sb from (doing) sth

9. Serve, struggle up, hand over hand 4. Their friendship served each of them well over the two brutal weeks they struggled up Half Dome, climbing hand over hand up the famous Yosemite 2,000-foot rock formation.

10. Serve Serve: work for (sb); perform duties in the armed forces; give food to (sb) at a meal; satisfy (a need or purpose), be suitable for; (in tennis) put the ball into play by striking it --He has served his master for many years. --He served in the army for 6 years. --This room can serve as/for a study. --She’s already served two aces this game.

11. Hand over hand Hand over hand: using one’s hands alternately (as when climbing) 双手交替使用 Hand in hand: holding each other’s hand; closely associated, linked together Hand to hand: (of fighting) involving physical contact with one’s opponent短兵相接，肉搏战 At hand: near, close by; about to happen

12. Hand over hand By hand: by a person, not by a machine; by a messenger, not through the post In hand: in one’s possession and available for use; in control; receiving attention and being dealt with On hand: available (Be) hand in glove with sb: working in close association with sb

13. Reach, admiring 5. When the pair reached the top, they were met by Wellman’s girlfriend and an admiring crowd of news reporters.

14. Reach --I reached across the table for the jam. --Please reach me over my slippers that are under the bed. (Reach: pass sth to sb) --How can I reach you? (Reach: contact sb by phone) Beyond/out of/within (one’s) reach --The shelf is so high it is beyond/out of my reach. --Those concepts are beyond the reach of my intelligence.

15. Give way, plunge, in place, as if 6. And Wellman was there for his able-bodied friend early in the climb when pieces of rock gave way, 700 feel above the group, and Corbett plunged downward. Wellman locked their rope in place, stopping the fall at 20 feel. When it was all over, both men spoke as if there hadn’t been a serious problem…

16. Plunge Plunge: (cause sth to) fall into sth suddenly and with force, or move suddenly forward or downward --He plunged his hand into cold water. --The country was plunged into civil war after the death of the President. --The horse plunged and she fell off. --Share prices plunged as a result of the gloomy economic forecast. Plunger (n. 活塞，柱塞)

17. Take the lead, in effect 7. On their climbs, Corbett must take the lead and, in effect, climb the rock twice. In effect: in fact, for practical purpose; (of a rule, law) in use --The two systems are, in effect, identical. --Some ancient laws are still in effect.

18. Effect Bring/put sth into effect: cause sth to come into use Come into effect: (of rules, laws) reach the stage of being in use Have effects on sth/sb

19. Evidence 8. As evidenced by his arm and chest muscles, Wellman’s job is not easy either. Evidence: (u.n.) information that gives a reason for believing sth or prove sth --There wasn’t enough evidence to prove him guilty.

20. Evidence Be in evidence: clearly or easily seen（显而易见的，清楚的，明显的） On the evidence of sth: using sth as evidence（用…作证据） Evidence: v. prove sth by evidence; be evidence of --His answer evidenced a guilty conscience.

21. In all, figure, no more than 9. In all, Wellman figures that on the climb up Half Dome he did 5,000 pull-ups up the rope, each time gaining no more than six inches. 1) In all: totally, added together 2) No more than

22. Cover, lower 10. On the cover was a photo of a woman in a wheelchair being lowered down a rock. Lower: let or bring sb/sth down; make less higher; (cause sth to) become less in amount or quantity; (infml.) reduce one’s dignity or self-respect

23. Lower --Lower the sails, a flag, and a window --Lower the roof of a house/the height of the ceiling --Stocks generally lowered in value. --She lowered her voice to a whisper in order not to wake the baby up. --Don’t lower yourself by asking him for help.

24. Dominate, crumble 11. Within six months, they had climbed El Capitan, the rock formation that dominates the right side of Yosemite Valley. And now they have climbed Half Dome, up a routeso dangerous because of its crumbly granitethat fewer than 30 people have climbed it. 1) Dominate 2) Crumble

25. Dominate Dominate: have control of or a very strong influence on sb/sth --He tends to dominate everyone. --My weekend was dominated by housework. --Price seems to dominate all other considerations. dominant, dominance domineer, domineering

26. Crumble Crumble: (n.)酥皮水果点心 (v.) cause sth to be broken or rubbed into very small pieces; gradually deteriorate pr come to an end --She likes to crumble her bread before eating. --The great empire began to crumble. --Their marriage is crumbling. crumbly (adj.) easy to crumble

27. Bring attention to, inspiration 12. Corbett wants to bring attention to climbing, his first love, and hopes someone somewhere will find inspiration. 1)  Bring attention to sth 2) Inspiration 灵感；鼓舞，激励；灵机 inspirational 启发灵感的 inspiring 鼓舞人的， inspired 有创作力的，有雄心壮志的，得自灵感的

28. Underestimate, blow one’s mind 13. Never underestimate a person with a disability. They can blow your mind. 1) Underestimate 2) Blow one’s mind: produce a pleasant or shocking feeling in somebody

29. Frame 1: How …! Vs. What a …! --How depressing the new might be to her! --How disappointing that would be! --How embarrassed she was at that time! --How incredible it is! --What a wonderful time! --What an interesting movie! --What a horrible experience!

30. Difference between v-ing and v-ed Depressingdepressed Disappointingdisappointed Embarrassingembarrassed Excitingexcited Frustratingfrustrated Terrifyingterrified

31. Frame 2: The Simple Past, the Past Perfect, the Past Continuous --He flied to Beijing this morning. (did) --He had flied to Beijing before he knew that news. (had done) --She was cooking dinner when the phone rang. (was/were doing)

32. Frame 3: see/hear/feel sb/sth do/doing 感官动词后用动词原形表示动作发生的那一刻或已经完成的动作，用现在分词表示延续的动作。 --I heard Tom call my name. “Anne!” --I heard Tom calling my name. “Anne, Anne, Anne!” --She felt her heart pounding. --He saw his girlfriend turn to a gift shop at the corner.

33. Homework 2: composition Topic: Knowledge from Books vs. Knowledge from Experience Some people think books are where knowledge comes from, but many people think differently and insist that knowledge come from one’s experience. What’s your opinion?