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CHAPTER 10

GROUP BEHAVIOR . CHAPTER 10. Introduction:. A group may be defined as a collection of two or more people who work with one another regularly to achieve common goals.

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CHAPTER 10

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  1. GROUP BEHAVIOR CHAPTER 10

  2. Introduction: • A group may be defined as a collection of two or more people who work with one another regularly to achieve common goals. • Any number of people who interact with one another, are psychologically aware of one another and perceive themselves to be a group. • A group has common needs relating to task, group, individuals and each group develops its own group personality.

  3. Classification of Groups: • Formal Groups:- • Command group • Task group • Committee • Informal Groups:- • Friendship group • Interest group • Reference group • Membership group • Cliques

  4. Models of Group Development: • Forming • Storming • Norming • Performing • Adjourning

  5. Punctuated Equilibrium Model • First meeting sets the group’s direction. • Group activity is one of inertia • A transition takes place at the end of this first phase, which occurs exactly when the group has used up half its allotted time. • A transition initiates major changes. • A second phase of inertia follows the transition. • Last meeting is characterized by markedly accelerated activity.

  6. Group Member Resources • Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities • Personality Characteristics • No single personality characteristic is a good predictor of group behavior.

  7. Group Structure • Formal Leadership • Roles • Role Structures • Role perception • Role expectations • Role conflict • Role Overload • Role Ambiguity

  8. NORMS • Performance norms • Appearance norms • Social arrangement norms • Allocation of resources norms

  9. Conformity • Groups can place strong pressures on individual members to change their attitudes & behaviors to conform to the group’s standard. • Reference group is characterized as one where the person is aware of the others, the person defines himself or herself as a member or would like to be member and the person feels that the group members are significant to him/her.

  10. Status: • Status is socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others. • Status and norms • Status equity • Status and culture

  11. Decision making in Groups: Groups may make decisions through any of the following six methods: • Decision in lack of response. • Decision by authority rule. • Decision by minority rule. • Decision by majority rule. • Decision by consensus. • Decision by unanimity.

  12. Techniques of Decision making • Brainstorming : (a) Production blocking (b) Evaluation apprehension • Nominal Group Technique • Delphi Technique • Electronic Meetings • Devil’s Advocacy • Quality Circles and quality teams • Self managed Teams

  13. Group Thinking: • Phenomenon in which the norm for consensus overrides the realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action. • It describes situations in which group pressures for conformity deter the group from critically appraising unusual, minority or unpopular views. • Group think is a disease that attacks many groups and can dramatically hinder their performance.

  14. Symptoms of Groupthink: • Illusions of invulnerability • Illusions of group morality • Illusions of unanimity • Rationalization • Stereotyping the enemy • Self censorship • Peer pressure • Mind guards

  15. Other … • Social Loafing • Production Blocking

  16. Understanding Work Teams • Problem solving teams • Self managed work teams • Cross functional teams

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