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Ligaments:

Ligaments: . Functions: connects bone to bone joint stability / protection (capsule) attachment of cartilage, fascia, & muscle. Names: “Bone to Bone”. Names: “ Shape”. “ Shape” cont’d. Names: “ Direction / Location”. “ Direction / Location” cont’d. “Direction/ Location” cont’d.

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Ligaments:

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  1. Ligaments: Functions: • connects bone to bone • joint stability / protection (capsule) • attachment of cartilage, fascia, & muscle

  2. Names: “Bone to Bone”

  3. Names: “ Shape”

  4. “ Shape” cont’d

  5. Names: “ Direction / Location”

  6. “ Direction / Location” cont’d

  7. “Direction/ Location” cont’d

  8. Common Injuries: ACL Tear

  9. Common Injuries: Lateral Ankle Sprain

  10. End Feel (Lippert Ch. 4) • subjective • assessed at the end of passive ROM of a joint Limitations to ROM: ‘Normal ‘ - ligaments - muscle - bone / soft tissue approximation ‘ Abnormal’ - pain - inflammation / edema - injured muscle, tendon, lig. - fracture

  11. End Feel cont’d. Descriptors: • “Hard / Bony” * bone contacting bone Ex. Elbow extension • “ Firm / Capsular” *slight ‘give’ at end ROM Ex. Shoulder flexion • “ Empty” * unable to attain end of ROM due to pain or disruption of soft tissue

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