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THE SKELETAL SYSTEM CHAPTERS 6 & 7

THE SKELETAL SYSTEM CHAPTERS 6 & 7. The Skeletal System. Parts of the skeletal system Bones (skeleton) Joints Cartilages Ligaments Divided into two divisions Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton. Bones of the Human Body. The adult skeleton has 206 bones Two basic types of bone tissue

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THE SKELETAL SYSTEM CHAPTERS 6 & 7

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  1. THE SKELETAL SYSTEMCHAPTERS 6 & 7

  2. The Skeletal System • Parts of the skeletal system • Bones (skeleton) • Joints • Cartilages • Ligaments • Divided into two divisions • Axial skeleton • Appendicular skeleton

  3. Bones of the Human Body • The adult skeleton has 206 bones • Two basic types of bone tissue • Compact bone • Homogeneous • Spongy bone • Small needle-like pieces of bone • Many open spaces Figure 5.2b

  4. Functions of Bones • Support of the body • Protection of soft organs • Movement due to attached skeletal muscles • Storage of minerals • Blood cell formation • Storage of fats

  5. Classification of Bones on the Basis of Shape – pg 70 SG Figure 5.1

  6. Classification of Bones • Long bones • Typically longer than wide • Have a shaft with heads at both ends • Contain mostly compact bone • Examples: Femur, Humerus

  7. Classification of Bones • Short bones • Generally cube-shape • Contain mostly spongy bone • Examples: Carpals, tarsals

  8. Flat bones Thin and flattened Usually curved Thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone Examples: Skull, ribs, sternum Classification of Bones

  9. Irregular bones Irregular shape Do not fit into other bone classification categories Example: Vertebrae and hip Classification of Bones

  10. Epiphysis Diaphysis Articular cartilage Epiphyseal line Spongy bone Compact bone Medullary cavity Periosteum Gross Anatomy of the typical long bone – pg 72 of SG

  11. Mature bone cells are Osteocytes Components

  12. Haversian canal Lacunae Osteocytes Lamellae Canaliculi Volkmann’s canals Matrix Pg. text, 176 #A5 SG Microscopic Structure of Bone

  13. Bone Markings • Surface features of bones • Sites of attachments for muscles, tendons, and ligaments • Passages for nerves and blood vessels • Categories of bone markings • Projections and processes – grow out from the bone surface • Depressions or cavities – indentations

  14. Bone Markings Projections/sites of muscle and ligament attachment Projections/sites that form joints Head Facet Condyle Ramus • Tuberosity • Crest • Trochanter • Line • Tubercle • Epicondyle • Spine • Process

  15. More Bone Markings Cavities Depressions/Openings allow blood vessels and nerves to pass Meatus Fossa Groove Fissure Foramen • Sinus

  16. Table 7.2 pg 198 • Head – rounded articular process at the proximal end of a bone • Condyle – rounded articular process at the distal end of a bone • Epicondyle – a small raised area above a condyle for joint capsule attachment • Foramen – a short passageway through bone for vessels and nerves • Meatus – a long canal like passageway

  17. Fossa – a depression in bone •  Sinus – a cavity in bone lined by a mucous membrane • Trochanter – very large projection •  Tuberosity – a large rounded projection for muscle attachment • Tubercle – a small rounded projection • Fissure – a slit like opening through bone • Facet – smooth flat articular surface

  18. Crest – prominent ridge or elongated projection • Sulcus – furrow along a bone surface where a blood vessel, nerve or tendon is located • Spine – sharp, slender often pointed projection • Using an Anatomy Atlas, see if you can identify bone surface markings on the skeleton and unarticulated bones at the front of the room

  19. Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton

  20. Color Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton With a key Pg 73 SG

  21. THE AXIAL SKELETON

  22. The Axial Skeleton • Forms the longitudinal part of the body • Divided into three parts • Skull • Vertebral column • Bony thorax

  23. Text pg. 199 – 204 Color each of the bones of the skull The Skull

  24. The Skull • Two sets of bones • Cranium • Facial bones • Bones are joined by sutures • Only the mandible is attached by a freely movable joint

  25. Paranasal sinuses Text pg. 211 • Paranasal sinuses

  26. Text pg. 213 The Vertebral Column

  27. Each vertebrae is given a name according to its location

  28. Spinal abnormalities Lordosis Kyphosis Scoliosis Text pg. 226

  29. Function determines Stucture

  30. Structure of a Typical Vertebrae Figure 5.16

  31. Regional Characteristics Figure 5.17a–b

  32. Regional Characteristics Figure 5.17c–d

  33. Text pg. 217 The Vertebrae

  34. text pg.219

  35. Bony thorax Rib cage Text pg. 223

  36. Forms a cage to protect organs

  37. Made up of 3 parts Sternum Ribs Thoracic vertebrae

  38. THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON

  39. Pectoral girdle Text pg. 232 The Appendicular Skeleton

  40. Clavicle and Scapula

  41. The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle • Composed of two bones • Clavicle – collarbone • Scapula – shoulder blade • These bones allow the upper limb to have exceptionally free movement

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