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Ancient Greece

Explore the geography of Ancient Greece, its city-states, economy, culture diffusion, the Polis, the rise of Athens, the Persian Wars, and the Golden Age of Athens. Discover key historical events, leaders, and advancements in art and philosophy.

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Ancient Greece

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  1. Ancient Greece Geography

  2. Greece is part of the Balkan Peninsula. • Surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea and the Aegean Sea. • Rugged coast with large mountains dividing the area • Many islands off of its coast

  3. Balkan Peninsula

  4. Results • Ancient Greece was not a large continuous empire like Egypt. • Individual city-states were created. • These city-states were isolated from one another due to mountains separating areas and the sea. • Citizens of individual city-states were fiercely loyal and there were frequent wars.

  5. Economy • Due to its irregular coastline, Greece had many natural ports and safe harbors. • The Greeks (especially the Athenians) became expert sailors and trade was a staple in their economy. • Due to trade, cultural diffusion took place.

  6. Cultural Diffusion The spread of cultural elements from one culture to another.

  7. The Polis • A Polis is a Greek city-state. • They were built in two levels. 1. Above the main city an acropolis was built. An acropolis was the symbolic center of a Greek city-state, bringing together its most important sacred and civic buildings. 2. The lower level contained the walled main city.

  8. The acropolis in AthensThe Parthenon

  9. The Changing Polis750-500 B.C. • Early city-states were a monarchy • This later evolved into an aristocracy which is a society run by an upper-class of wealthy landowners • As trade progressed, a new middleclass developed. It consisted of merchants, artisans and farmers. This form of government is called an oligarchy.

  10. The Persian Wars • Greek city-states in Asia Minor(modern day Turkey) were conquered by the Persians. • The Persian Empire was larger and was significantly stronger militarily. • The Greek city-states rebelled against the Persians. • They went to Sparta for help and were turned away

  11. Persian Empire

  12. Persian Wars Continued • Athens however, promised 20 ships • The Athenians helped defeat the Persians in these city states in 498 B.C. • By 495 B.C. the Athenians grew bored and returned to Athens • The Persians marched in and quickly regained control of the city-states

  13. Marathon 490 B.C. • The Persians were angry at Athens for interfering. • The emperor Darius sent a large army across the Aegean Sea to Marathon. • The Athenians were outnumbered 2 to 1 yet managed to cause a Persian retreat. • Victorious, the Athenians sent Pheidippides to run to Athens and report the victory.

  14. Marathon Continued…. • The distance was 26.2 miles and he ran at a full sprint • Upon arriving he announced; “Rejoice, we conquer!” and then fell to the ground dead. • Modern Marathon runners cover 26.2 mile to this day.

  15. Persia Attacks Again (480 B.C.)(Second Persian War) • Xerxes (son of Darius) sends a larger to defeat the Athenians. • The Athenians had now convinced the Spartans to aid them. • Their combined efforts, Sparta’s land army and the Athenian navy defeated the Persians.

  16. Thermopylae • “300” • 2nd Mountain pass in Greece – only 60 feet wide. • Leonidas vs Xerxes • Ephialtes- Betrayed the army and told Persians about a mountain pass.

  17. Results of the Persian Wars • Athens became the most powerful city-state. • It organized the Delian League, an alliance of Greek city-states that united to defend against the Persians. • As time went on Athens forced their will on other members of the Delian League. This created the Athenian Empire • This also caused Sparta to fear Athenian Power and to not trust Athenian intentions.

  18. The Two Greek Powerhouses

  19. Sparta Totalitarian- A political system based on absolute power of a single party or dictator. Athens Democratic- a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them Two Different Governments

  20. The Golden Age of Athens

  21. Pericles • Was a great Athenian leader, 460 BC - 429 BC. He was a strong believer in democracy - Everyone from all classes could serve. "Government in the hands of the many, not of the few." The Athenians had freedom of speech and thought. • Created the environment for the golden age

  22. Art Advances in: • Sculpture- Lifelike but idealistic characters, (gods and goddesses) • Painting- only surviving relics are on pottery. Depict everyday life. • Architecture- great marvels of engineering. Known mostly by their column style. • All reflect mans ability to achieve!!!!

  23. The Great Greek Philosophers • Socrates • Plato • Aristotle http://www.arts.uwaterloo.ca/PHIL/cpshelle/Gallery/Greek/aristotle.jpg

  24. Socrates (469-399 BCE) • Stonemason, spent time arguing with assembly • Taught: Question everything, use step-by-step questioning to final conclusion (Socaratic Method) • Executed for denying gods, corrupting youth, and trying to overthrow gov. Greenblatt, Lemmo. Human Heritage. Glencoe, McGraw-Hill 1995 http://www.btinternet.com/~socratic/

  25. Plato (427-347 BCE) • Pupil of Socrates • Recorded speeches of Socrates • Father of Political Science • Founded The Academy to train government leaders • Wrote The Republic & The Dialogues http://plato.evansville.edu/

  26. Aristotle (384-322 BCE) • Pupil of Plato at The Academy • Trained in Medicine • “Master of Them That Know” • First to classify plants & animals • Developed final steps in scientific method (Hypothesis and Test) Plato Aristotle http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/aristotle.html

  27. Math • Pythagoras- • Euclid- elements of geometry

  28. Hippocrates • known as the founder of medicine and was regarded as the greatest physician of his time. • Hippocratic Oath- DO NO HARM!!!!

  29. Alexander the Greatand Hellenistic Culture • Macedonia-small nation north of Greece • Greece thought they were uncivilized • Ruled by Phillip • Many City States make alliances and eventually Phillip takes over all of Greece

  30. Alexander • Takes the thrown after Phillips murder at age 20 • Attempts to live his fathers dream and take over the Persian Empire • He does this and keeps going all the way through modern day India • Dies suddenly and does not name a successor

  31. LegacyHellenistic Culture • Married a Persian woman and encouraged his men to do the same • Spread Greek culture • Hellenistic culture= cultural diffusion included elements of Greek ,Indian, Persian, and Egyptian cultures and beliefs

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