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Calisthenics: Test Prep. Homework: Study for your quiz and finish the reverse side of you notes. What to study: Mesopotamian Technology (plow, math, wheel) The Beginning of Writing (scribes, cuneiform, pictographs etc.) Mesopotamian Religion & Social Class. Question #1.
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Calisthenics: Test Prep Homework: Study for your quiz and finish the reverse side of you notes. What to study: Mesopotamian Technology (plow, math, wheel) The Beginning of Writing (scribes, cuneiform, pictographs etc.) Mesopotamian Religion & Social Class
Question #1 • Which field of study compares different cultural groups? • A. Anthropology • B. Paleontology • C. Geology • D. Psychology
Question #2 • What is the practice of worshiping many gods called? • A. Democracy • B. Monotheism • C. Polytheism • D. Theocracy
Question #3 • Which of the following made up the land of Sumer? • A. City States • B. County-towns • C. Districts • D. Provinces
Question #4 • In Ancient Sumerian city-states, the Ziggurat was… • A. tomb of the Pharaoh • B. form of Sumerian writing • C. center of the pharaoh’s palace • D. center of religious and cultural life
What is a Civilization? • Civilization: as a society becomes more complex to an advanced culture. • Guess what Historians say the FIRST civilization was…
Advanced Cities • What does that mean? • Civilization is closely linked to life in cities. At first cities became important because farmers needed a place to store and trade their surplus grain. As cities grew they began to offer other advantages.
Specialized Workers • What does that mean? • Having a food surplus allows to do work other than farming. Workers can specialize. • For example Sumerians made armor and weapons while other became priests or kings. • When people specialize the quality of work improves because they an develop their skills.
Complex Institutions • What does that mean? • In time, religion and government became institutions. An institution is a group of people who have a specific purpose. • For example: schools are institutions that exist to educate children.
Record Keeping • What does that mean? • Societies must keep track of many things • Example: Rulers may want to measure the foo supplies stored in the city. • Keeping records usually involves writing, but not always. • Who invented the first writing system?
Improved Technology • What does it mean? • Societies advance as people develop technology or learn better ways to do things. • Example: the people of Sumer created new tools and new materials. • IE: Bronze, tools, weapons, etc.
Group Work • Groups of 5 • Each member will have one aspect of the Traits of a Civilization • Summarize your trait in 2 sentences. • When your group finishes, present it to the rest of the group.
Re-Visiting The City State • Where were most Sumerian city states located and why?
Mesopotamian City States • City State: a community that included a city and its surrounding lands. • By 3,000BC Sumer had at least 12 city-state. • Famous ones: Babylon, Kish, Nippur, and Ur. • They were located near the mouth of the Tigris & Euphrates • As a result famers grew more food and population increased!
Question #1 • What is this a definition of: as a society becomes more complex to an advanced culture.
Question #2 • What is this a definition of: a community that included a city and its surrounding lands.
Question #3 • What is one example of a “Complex Institution”
Question #3 • Where do historians say the first civilization emerged (or developed)?