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HL Bonding

HL Bonding. Resonance Structures & Delocalisation of Electrons. Resonance Structures. Occurs when electrons are “shared” between more than one bond. Resonance Structures. Occurs when electrons are “shared” between more than one bond

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HL Bonding

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  1. HL Bonding Resonance Structures & Delocalisation of Electrons

  2. Resonance Structures • Occurs when electrons are “shared” between more than one bond

  3. Resonance Structures • Occurs when electrons are “shared” between more than one bond • Presence can be identified from bond lengths and bond angles

  4. Resonance Structures • Occurs when electrons are “shared” between more than one bond • Presence can be identified from bond lengths and bond angles • E.g. HCOO- has C to O bond lengths of 0.127 nm, which are shorter than a single bond and longer than a double bond

  5. Resonance Structures of HCOO- From: www.mpcfaculty.net/mark_bishop/resonance.htm

  6. Resonance Structures • These different structures are known as resonance hybrids

  7. Resonance Structures • These different structures are known as resonance hybrids • These are the extreme forms with the actual structure somewhere in between

  8. Resonance Structures • These different structures are known as resonance hybrids • These are the extreme forms with the actual structure somewhere in between • A double-headed arrow is always used to show resonance structures

  9. Resonance Structures • These different structures are known as resonance hybrids • These are the extreme forms with the actual structure somewhere in between • A double-headed arrow is always used to show resonance structures • This process of electrons “spreading out” is called delocalisation

  10. e.g. ozone From: http://academic.reed.edu/chemistry/roco/Resonance/major_minor.html

  11. e.g. ozone Instead of drawing the resonance structures, a dotted/dashed line may be used to represent a partial bond. From: http://academic.reed.edu/chemistry/roco/Resonance/major_minor.html

  12. e.g. CO32- From: http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/carey/student/olc/graphics/carey04oc/ch01/figures/res1.gif

  13. e.g. benzene From: http://mooni.fccj.org/~ethall/benzene/benzene.htm

  14. e.g. benzene As the C-C-H bond angles in benzene are 120 °, the carbon atoms are sp2 hybridized, with the remaining p electron being delocalised From: http://mooni.fccj.org/~ethall/benzene/benzene.htm

  15. Can you draw 3 resonance structures for NO3-?

  16. Can you draw 3 resonance structures for NO3-? From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Nitrate_ion_resonance_structures.png

  17. Can you draw 3 resonance structures for SO32-?

  18. Can you draw 3 resonance structures for SO32-?

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