Genes and Behaviour

1. Genes and Behaviour

2. Process Environmental Regulatory genes

3. Process Environmental Regulatory genes Environmental influences turn genes on and off

4. Process Environmental Regulatory genes Environmental influences turn genes on and off Structural Genes

5. Process Environmental Regulatory genes Environmental influences turn genes on and off Structural Genes Enzyme production Enzymes

6. Process Environmental Regulatory genes Environmental influences turn genes on and off Structural Genes Enzyme production Enzymes Carbohydrates, fats & proteins Regulated biochemical reactions Physical (e.g. temp)

7. Process Environmental Regulatory genes Environmental influences turn genes on and off Structural Genes Enzyme production Enzymes Carbohydrates, fats & proteins Regulated biochemical reactions Physical (e.g. temp) Cell metabolism

8. Process Environmental Regulatory genes Environmental influences turn genes on and off Structural Genes Enzyme production Enzymes Carbohydrates, fats & proteins Regulated biochemical reactions Physical (e.g. temp) Cell metabolism Development of nervous, skeletal & endocrine systems Carbohydrates, fats & proteins Environmental influences (e.g. visual input for the development of the CNS) Physiological mechanisms

9. Process Environmental Regulatory genes Environmental influences turn genes on and off Structural Genes Enzyme production Enzymes Carbohydrates, fats & proteins Regulated biochemical reactions Physical (e.g. temp) Cell metabolism Development of nervous, skeletal & endocrine systems Carbohydrates, fats & proteins Environmental influences (e.g. visual input for the development of the CNS) Physiological mechanisms Sensory perception, CNS processing, Motor generation Environmental influences(e.g. social environment) BEHAVIOUR

10. INHERITANCE OF SONG PATTERNS IN CRICKETS (BENTLEY, 1971) Teleogryllus commodus Teleogryllus oceanicus X X X F1 hybrid T. commodus x F1 backcross T. oceanicus x F1 backcross

11. Quantitative Genetics 2 alleles 1 allele X alleles For any trait: Total variance = genetic variance + environmental variance Or VT= VG+ VE

12. VG Heritability = VG+ VE

13. Foulbrood in Honeybees Under the control of two alleles

14. Foulbrood in Honeybees Under the control of two alleles u - for uncapping U - no uncapping r - removal R - no removal Hygenic Non-hygenic Female (uurr) X Male (UR) All females - non-hygenic (UuRr)

15. Foulbrood in Honeybees Now do various backcrosses F1 females to males

16. Artificial Selection - Drosophila geotaxis Selection of positively and negatively geotactic Drosophila

17. Artificial selection - mating speed in Drosophila Fast maters Control Slow maters First half of maters Second half of maters Repeat for 25 generations Got three distinct lines Fast - 3 mins Slow - 80 mins Control - 5 mins

18. Hybridization Experiments - Lovebirds Fischer’s Peach-faced

19. Hybridization experiments - Sokolowski P1 Sitter Rover Sitter Rover Path length Path length Sitter Rover Sitter Rover F1 x F1 Path length Path length

20. E. Parent Offspring Regression Activity scores with Drosophila • Slope = heritability • • • • • • • • • • Offspring • • • • Mid-parent score (P1 + P2) 2

21. F. Comparative approach - Temperature selection in Peromyscus Preferred Temperature (Adults) -5 0 5 10 15

22. Dunce and rutabaga genes - Drosophila ATP cAMP cAMP phosphodiesterase Adenylyl cyclase Binds and activates PKA activates CREB Turns on genes that cause changes in structure and function of nerve cells that govern memory

23. What about genes that affect larger collections of behavioural acts? fosB gene in mice Brown et al. 1996. A defect in nurturing in mice lacking the immediate early gene fosB. Cell 86: 297 - 309