Amber Bang Byeonghun Lee Heiwon Shin

1. Indian National Congress Movement Amber Bang Byeonghun Lee Heiwon Shin

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS

3. Founding, organization, and major philosophies of the INC 1885-1914 Outline the founding, organization, and major philosophies of the INC from its founding in 1885-@1914. Discuss the major figures in the movement.

4. No sense of “One India” Before the INC… • People were divided • Religion : Hindi VS Muslim • Social Cast : Caste System • Industrial Revolution – Conservatives & not • Different languages • Geographical

5. Also called congress party • 1885, Dec : passes moderate reform resolutions • Includes education for their sense of nationalism Founding

6. INC • -Freedom of India, National Unity,Social equality Philosophies of INC British Rule - Fear, prestige, not considering people’s will, only few are centered ♥ Peaceful Action ♥

7. Daddabhai Naoroji • Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee Major Figures

8. http://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelpregion/asia/india/indianindependence/indiannat/congress.jpghttp://www.bl.uk/reshelp/findhelpregion/asia/india/indianindependence/indiannat/congress.jpg

9. 2. How were the philosophies and major tenants of the INC responses to Western Intervention in India? Non-violence/Civil Disobedience “Boycotting” British Goods Rejecting British Culture and Education

10. Non Violence/Civil Disobedience • Response because… • Violent revolts were useless in face of strong British military • Reflection on failure of Sepoy Rebellion (1857) • Criticize hypocrisy of British government • Kept true to Indian values – Hindu + Muslim respect for peace • For example, • British rule • Salt March

11. “Boycotting” British Goods • Response because… • Indians needed to promote and use their own products more • Indians rejected to support the British gevernmentfinacially • For example, • Ganhdi taught the Indians to resist with “noncooperation” • Indians refused to pay taxes to the British government • Indians were encouraged to make their own handmade cloth • When tax was put on salt by the British, Gandhi led his followers on a march of 240 miles to go collect salt from the sea.

12. Rejecting British Culture and Education • Response because... • Having strong patriotic minds • Having faith(Hindu) and pride in their own culture • For example, • Banning the use of English • Developing India’s regional languages and literatures • Rejecting British School

13. How was the INC an expression of Indian nationalism? Nationalism: a sentiment based on common cultural characteristics that binds a population and often produces a policy of national independence or separatism

14. How is INC an expression of Indian Nationalism? • The Indian National Congress expressed the idea of Indians during the British Colonial Period. • In other words, • Identified what it means to be Indian • Attempted to improve in India’s interest • Brought together the people of the India to act

15. Identified what it means to be “Indian”

16. In attempt to improve in India’s interests

17. Brought together the people of India to act

18. Limitation • Limitation • Hindu/ Muslim split - INC does not fully accommodate Muslim interests, traditions • Gandhi tries to overcome this • Eg. Salt March by Hindus and Muslims all alike

19. Conclusion Despite the limitation, INC attempted to… • bring people together • under common cultural characteristics • gain independence Therefore, INC was the leading mechanism behind Indian nationalism

20. Any Questions?

21. Discussion points • Effectiveness of INC’s approach to independence? • Religious influence on Indian nationalism – Positive? Negative? • Indian Nationalism POV • Was Indian nationalism economically beneficial for the actual people of India? Were they better off with English support? • What’s more important? Strong sense of identity + self-rule or economic prosperity for all citizens