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PSYCHOLOGY

PSYCHOLOGY. Module 20 Classical Conditioning. Learning. Learning relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. Association. We learn by association Our minds naturally connect events that occur in sequence Aristotle 2000 years ago

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PSYCHOLOGY

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  1. PSYCHOLOGY Module 20 Classical Conditioning

  2. Learning • Learning • relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience

  3. Association • We learn by association • Our minds naturally connect events that occur in sequence • Aristotle 2000 years ago • John Locke and David Hume 200 years ago • Associative Learning • learning that two events occur together • two stimuli • a response and its consequences

  4. Association Event 1 Event 2 • Learning to associate two events Sea snail associates splash with a tail shock Seal learns to expect a snack for its showy antics

  5. Classical or Pavlovian Conditioning • We learn to associate two stimuli

  6. Operant Conditioning • We learn to associate a response and its consequence

  7. Classical Conditioning • Ivan Pavlov • 1849-1936 • Russian physician/ neurophysiologist • Nobel Prize in 1904 • studied digestive secretions

  8. Pavlov’s Classic Experiment Before Conditioning UCS (food in mouth) Neutral stimulus (tone) UCR (salivation) No salivation During Conditioning After Conditioning UCS (food in mouth) CS (tone) Neutral stimulus (tone) UCR (salivation) CR (salivation)

  9. Classical Conditioning • Pavlov’s device for recording salivation

  10. Classical Conditioning • Classical Conditioning • organism comes to associate two stimuli • a neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus

  11. Behaviorism • John B. Watson • viewed psychology as objective science • generally agreed-upon consensus today • recommended study of behavior without reference to unobservable mental processes • not universally accepted by all schools of thought today

  12. Classical Conditioning • Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) • stimulus that unconditionally--automatically and naturally--triggers a response • Unconditioned Response(UCR) • unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus • salivation when food is in the mouth

  13. Classical Conditioning • Conditioned Stimulus (CS) • originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response • Conditioned Response (CR) • learned response to a previously neutral conditioned stimulus

  14. Classical Conditioning • Acquisition • the initial stage in classical conditioning • the phase associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response • in operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response

  15. UCS (passionate kiss) UCR (sexual arousal) CS (onion breath) UCS (passionate Kiss) UCR (sexual arousal) CS (onion breath) CR (sexual arousal) Classical Conditioning

  16. Classical Conditioning • Extinction • diminishing of a CR • in classical conditioning, when a UCS does not follow a CS • in operant conditioning, when a response is no longer reinforced

  17. Acquisition (CS+UCS) Strength of CR Spontaneous recovery of CR Extinction (CS alone) Extinction (CS alone) Pause Classical Conditioning

  18. Classical Conditioning • Spontaneous Recovery • reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished CR • Generalization • tendency for stimuli similar to CS to elicit similar responses

  19. Classical Conditioning • Discrimination • in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a CS and other stimuli that do not signal a UCS

  20. 60 Drops of saliva in 30 seconds 50 40 30 20 10 Hind paw Pelvis Shoulder Front paw 0 Thigh Trunk Foreleg Part of body stimulated Generalization

  21. UCS (drug) UCR (nausea) CS (waiting room) UCS (drug) UCR (nausea) CS (waiting room) CR (nausea) Nausea Conditioning in Cancer Patients

  22. Classical Conditioning

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