Startup: Week 4 In the front of your N.B.

1. Startup: Week 4In the front of your N.B. • Review before the quiz… • 10 risk factors for heart disease • BP lab last week • What is the function of the respiratory system and the structures involved?

2. Classroom Business! • This is week 4. No late work for all previous assignments accepted after week 4. • Be here tomorrow and Wednesday to analyze data! • 5 week grades due next week: • Part 1:Typed lab report for Heart Rate and Blood Pressure lab! Worth 50 points. • Part 2:1st Notebook check! All warm-ups, handouts, and stamps for assignments are worth 1 point ~ 30-60 HP possible!

3. Today’s Agenda • Weekly Quiz (Risk factors for Heart Disease, BP Lab, and Respiration) • Pass back last week quiz (37-1 Blood Flow) • Make sure everyone has complete data for their lab report.

4. Startup: How do I write a lab report?Complete in the front of you NB • Step 1: Pick up the “Blood Pressure LAB GRADE Sheet” as you enter. • Step 2: Copy the questions and answer • What three sections are worth the most points?What section has the most parts to it? How many sections are there total to the lab report?

5. Sample Data Table

6. Sample B.P. Graph

7. Sample Heart Rate Graph

8. Startup: Ch. 37 VocabularyDo this SU in the BACK of your NB

9. Vocabulary for Lab Report • Control Groups • Experimental Groups • Stethoscope • Sphygmomanometer • Systolic • Diastolic

10. Respiratory System What does it do?

11. RS brings oxygen into the body 3. O2 is exchanged for CO2 at the cellular level 2. Oxygenated blood gets pumped by the CS to cells of the body YEAH! I’M ALIVE! 5. CO2 is expelled by the lungs 4. Deoxygenated blood is transported back to the lungs via the CS

12. Your Breathing • Have a partner count the number of breaths you take in 15 seconds. Multiply that number by 4 for the number of breaths per minute. • Now, take a deep breath and hold it for as long as you can. Have your partner record your time.

13. Your Breathing • Why are there differences in breathing rates among members of the class? • What factors might affect how long you could hold your breath? • A child having a tantrum declares she is going to hold her breath “until I turn blue!” Do you think this is possible?

14. Function • Brings oxygen into the blood and tissues and carbon dioxide out to the air.

15. Nasal Passageway • First structure of the respiratory system. • Mucus moistens the air and traps dust. • Cilia sweep dust so that it is swallowed or spit out.

16. Structures • Pharynx • Passageway for air and food • Larynx • Vocal cords • Trachea • Passageway for air only

17. Structures • Bronchi • Passageway from trachea to lung • Alveoli • Air sacs in lungs that are used for gas exchange

18. Alveoli There are 150 million alveoli in each healthy lung! Bronchiole Capillary

19. Gas Exchange • There are 150 million alveoli in each healthy lung. • Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into blood cells • Carbon Dioxide diffuses out of blood cells and into avleoli

20. Lung Capacity • What do you think Lung Capacity is? • What factors do you think affect Lung Capacity?

21. Lung Capacity • Tidal Lung Capacity • The amount of air moved in and out of your lungs in one normal breath • Vital Lung Capacity • The amount of air exhaled after one DEEP breath • Experimental Value • Actually measure how much air you exhale • Calculated Value • Calculate how much air you should be able to exhale based on body surface area and age

22. Breathing • The diaphragm is a muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that controls breathing. • The diaphragm contracts when a person inhales. • When using force to blow out, other muscles are used.

23. Let’s Review Nasal Passage • What is the first structure of the Respiratory System? • The _________ are air sacs located in the __________ where gas exchange occurs • The _________ is a passageway for both food and air • List the following structures in order: • Bronchi, Larynx, Nasal Passage, Trachea, Alveoli, Pharynx Alveoli Lungs Pharynx

24. Respiratory System IV. Diseases of the RS A. Asthma 1. Allergic reaction 2. Smooth muscles contract, narrowing the airways 3. Clogs the airways with mucus B. Bronchitis 1. Excess mucus and inflammation of the bronchioles 2. Caused by long-term exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke and air pollutants

25. Respiratory System C. Cystic Fibrosis 1. Genetic defect that causes excessive mucus production that clogs the airways; die from drowning D. Pneumonia 1. Inflammation of the lungs caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae E. Tuberculosis 1. Bacterial infection (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) of the lungs that causes the formation of hard nodules and crusty dead spots in lungs

26. Respiratory System V. Effects of Smoking 1. Nicotine constricts bronchioles, decreasing airflow in lungs = bad 2. CO binds to hemoglobin reducing O2 carrying capacity = bad 3. Irritants in smoke caused increased mucus secretion and swelling of mucosal lining = bad 4. Irritants in smoke inhibit movement and eventually destroy cilia in lining of RS = bad 5. Over time, the elastic fibers of the lungs are destroyed causing collapse of small bronchioles and the trapping of air in alveoli = bad

27. Respiratory System

28. Respiratory System VI. Smoking-Related Diseases A. Emphysema: Destruction of the walls of the alveoli resulting in less surface for gas exchange

29. Respiratory System B. Chronicbronchitis: Excessive secretion of bronchial mucus

30. Respiratory System C. Lung Cancer: leading cause of cancer deaths in US; most people die within a year of initial diagnosis; 85% of cases are related to smoking

31. Respiratory System DON’T SMOKE OR YOU COULD WIND UP LIKE THESE GUYS!!!!!!!