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Mass Movements, Wind and Glaciers

Mass Movements, Wind and Glaciers. Chapter 8 Notes. Mass Movement…. What factors determine how fast you go down a waterslide?. Mass Movement: Changing the Landscape. Definition: Movement of soil and rock downslope due to gravity All mass movements occur on slopes (i.e. almost everywhere)

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Mass Movements, Wind and Glaciers

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  1. Mass Movements, Wind and Glaciers Chapter 8 Notes

  2. Mass Movement…. • What factors determine how fast you go down a waterslide?

  3. Mass Movement: Changing the Landscape • Definition: Movement of soil and rock downslope due to gravity • All mass movements occur on slopes (i.e. almost everywhere) • Can be subtle (creep) or catastrophic (landslide) and everything in between • Range in size from small sediment to large boulders

  4. Factors that influence mass movement • Climate • Composition of the earth material • Weight of the material • Friction • Triggers (an earthquake, for example) • Water/rainfall: increases weight and decreases friction

  5. Types of Mass Movements • Creep • Solifluction (permafrost) • Flows • Slides • Slumps • Falls

  6. Examples of Mass Movement Creep Slump Note the curved crescent shape at the top of the slump.

  7. Examples of Mass Movement Flows Slides lahar

  8. Examples of Mass Movement Avalanche Falls

  9. Wind Erosion • Moving air can transport sediment • Suspension • Saltation (bouncing motion of sand particles) • Precipitation limits wind erosion: • Precipitation promotes plant growth that anchors sediment • Moist soil is not carried as easily by wind

  10. Dust Bowl: Great Plains 1930s

  11. Wind Erosion and Transport Abrasion Deflation Desert pavement

  12. Wind Deposition • When wind velocity decreases, particles are deposited. • Dunes: piles of windblown sand • Windward side is not as steep as the leeward side • Wind causes dunes to move (“migrate”) • Loess: Thick windblown silt deposits. • Loess soils are very fertile due to abundant nutrients and minerals.

  13. Wind Deposition Loess Dunes

  14. Glaciers • Large moving masses of ice • Currently, 10% of Earth’s surface is covered by glaciers • Can be • Valley glaciers (alpine glaciers) • Continental glaciers

  15. Valley Glaciers • Turns V-shaped river valleys into U-shaped glacial valleys

  16. Glacial Erosion U-shaped valley with hanging stream Horn

  17. Glacial Erosion Cirque Arête

  18. Formation of a Cirque

  19. Glacial Deposition

  20. Glacial Deposition Drumlin

  21. Glaciers in Indiana

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