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Nanorobot for Brain Aneurysm

Nanorobot for Brain Aneurysm. U4 3/11/10 Derek Nelson Aziz Daabash Amanda Mogollon Brett Michalk. Outline. Introduction Equipment Prototyping Manufacturing Technology Inside-Body Transduction Simulation Results Future Research. Introduction.

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Nanorobot for Brain Aneurysm

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  1. Nanorobot for Brain Aneurysm U4 3/11/10 Derek Nelson Aziz Daabash Amanda Mogollon Brett Michalk

  2. Outline Introduction Equipment Prototyping Manufacturing Technology Inside-Body Transduction Simulation Results Future Research

  3. Introduction http://ge.geglobalresearch.com/wp-content/themes/rgagrc/img/technologies/mnst_medical_imaging_full.jpg In the 1980’s microtechnology exploded onto the medical instrumentation and treatment scene In the same manner the recent developments in nanotechnology have spurred many research grants in the area of nanorobotics

  4. Introduction • Three main approaches for further development of nanorobots • Positional nanoassembly • DNA nucleic acid robots • Bacteria-based nanorobots • All suffer from severe limitations • Positional nanoassembly is incredibly inefficient in building nanodevices, so it can’t be used to manufacture nano-integrated circuits (ICs) • The DNA approach to build nucleic acid robots is limited by complexity, the max of which is lower than required for medical applications • Bacteria-based nanorobots present serious concerns because bacteria are living organisms and can self-replicate making them unsafe due to instability

  5. Introduction • Which leads to the fourth option • Developed for common use in medicine • Requires hybrid materials, photonics, and wireless communication for nanorobot manufacturing and control • Must be achieved as an IC (shown on next slide) • This paper models for use in brain anurysms

  6. Equipment Prototyping http://www.nanotech-now.com/columns/images/349.jpg Chemical Sensor Actuator Power Supply Data Transmission

  7. Chemical Sensor http://www.consultantlive.com/image/image_gallery?img_id=1293779&t=1228327485633 Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-based sensors use nanowires to achieve maximum efficiency Sensors with suspended arrays of nanowires assembled into silicon circuits Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) serve as an ideal material for the basis of a CMOS IC nanobiosensor For the nanorobot architecture, the antibody CAB002167 is included, which serves changes in the gradients of the brain enzymes.

  8. Acuator http://static.rcgroups.com/forums/attachments/1/3/4/2/5/t2970368-168-thumb-nanoact.jpg • CMOS as an actuator is based on biological patterns and CNTs are the natural choice • In the same way that DNA can be used for coupling energy transfer, and proteins may serve as the basis for ionic flux, an array format based on CNTs and CMOS techniques could be used to achieve similar reactions for the nanomechanisms • Cerebral aneurysm problem is identifying endothelial vessel deformation before a stroke happens

  9. Power Supply http://static.materialsgate.de/image/g/gylj.jpg • The use of CMOS for active telemetry and power supply is the most effective and secure way to ensure energy as long as necessary to keep nanorobots in operation • digital bit encoded data transfer from inside a human, nanocircuits with resonant electric properties can operate as a chip to provide electromagnetic energy • This allows for little energy lost in transfer

  10. Data Transmission http://cricketdiane.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/0509-demo-c_x600.jpg • Using integrated sensors is the best method to read and write data in implanted devices • An embedded antenna with 200 nm size for the nanorobot was used • RF communication, a small loop planar device is proposed as a RFIC electromagnetic pick-up having a good matching on low noise amplifier (LNA) • based on a gold nanocrystal with 1.4 nm^3, CMOS and nanobioelectronic circuit technologies

  11. Manufacturing Technology CMOS field effect transistor (FET) and some hybrid techniques should successfully lay the foundations for the assembly processes needed to manufacture nanorobots, joint use of nanophotonic and nanotubes can achieve levels of resolution ranging from 248 to 157nm To extend the CMOS performance improvements new materials for planar metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) and non-classical MOSFET structures are currently in development which will advance nanoelectronics and new biosensors for nanomedicine uses

  12. Inside-Body Transduction http://ijr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/28/4/558 • Analysis done by 3D simulation • Detection of brain aneurysm by studying physical characteristics and fluid flow patterns in the brain.

  13. Inside-body Transduction http://www.instablogsimages.com/images/2009/04/23/blue-brain-simululation_vfqTM_54.jpg • Why Simulate? • Faster VLSI development • Performance anticipation • New device design (controls, hardware etc…)

  14. Simulation Parameters http://ijr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/28/4/558 • Physical • Vessel size • Flow rate through vessel • Differing diffusion coefficients • Model • Mathematical chemical based conputations • A 3D environment including bloodstream particles, nanorobots, and the proteomic signaling

  15. Target Identification • For the purposes of this paper: the NOS proteins will be identified using the simulation. • eNOS- positive protein • nNOS- associated with neurodegenerative diseases • Nanorobot will be outfitted with embedded nanoelectronic chemical sensors to detect the NOS protein accumulations which can lead to the brain aneurysm.

  16. Numerical Parameters http://ijr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/28/4/558 Parameters used in the simulation:

  17. Equations used in the Simulation • α=4πDRC • α: capture rate • D: diffusion coefficient • R: radius of vessel • C: chemical concentration • DΛ2C=υdC/dx diffusion equation • C=Q/(2πDr)e-υ(r-x)/(2D) • These equations are used within the simulation in order to offer a correlation between the concentration, concentration gradients fluid velocity, and diffusion coefficients of the fluids in the vessels.

  18. Simulation Results http://ijr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/28/4/558 Being guided by chemical concentration gradients of NOS, the nanorobot simulation was able to calculate and correctly identify where a brain aneurysm was developing. However, the robot had to rely on actual nanobiosensor contact to be sure of detection.

  19. Results continued http://ijr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/28/4/558 When the nanorobot detects NOS inside of normal levels(<1µM) it will emit a weak signal less than 50 nA. At levels greater than 1 µM it emits a signal of greater than 90 nA. This way, the nanorobot can be tracked while in the bloodstream and the aneurysm can be located by an external receiver.

  20. Results continued http://ijr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/28/4/558 The more nanorobots that send the signal, the stronger and relavent that signal is. If a large amount of signals are received, then it is a safe bet to assume that an aneurysm is present at that particular location. These two graphs show the electromagnetic tracking of the nanorobot positions

  21. Who can this help? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fistula Endovascular treatment of brain aneurysms Arteriovenous malformations Arteriovenous fistulas

  22. Future Research While it is not necessary for aneurysm detection, precise trajectory motion and nanorobot collective communication would be useful for some biomedical problems, such as nanosurgery and intracellular drug delivery, and should be researched. Put research into upgrading the chemical sensors in the nanorobot so that they can positively detect particles that are too small for current (simulated) methods to detect without actually contacting them. Put forth the obvious research needed to allow this technology to move past the simulation level to being implemented and tested in real cases.

  23. References A. Cavalcanti, B. Shirinzadeh, T. Fukuda, S. Ikeda. Nanorobot for Brain Aneurysm A. Ummat et al. Nanorobotics

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