Big Idea 16 Heredity and Reproduction

1. Big Idea 16 Heredity and Reproduction Benchmark SC.4.L.16.1 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants Pacing Guide Quarter 3: 02/24-03/07 Benchmark SC.4.L.16.4 Stages & Life Cycles of Florida Plants and Animals Pacing Guide Quarter 3: 03/10-03/20 Mary Tweedy, Curriculum Support Specialist Keisha Kidd, Curriculum Support Specialist Millard Lightburn, District Supervisor Department of Mathematics and Science Office of Academics and Transformation

2. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants • SC.4.L.16.1 - Identify processes of sexual reproduction in flowering plants, including pollination, fertilization (seed production), seed dispersal, and germination. (Assessed as SC.3.L.14.1.) • SC.3.L.14.1 - Describe structures in plants and their roles in food production, support, water and nutrient transport, and reproduction.

3. Schoolyard Field Study: Observing a Wild Flower Materials: A partner, plastic knife, hand lens, paper towel, wild flower (weed) Procedures: • Pick a small plant to observe with a partner. • Dig it out of the ground carefully and shake off the dirt. • Draw your plant and label the parts. • Use a hand lens to observe each part and sketch observations. • Use sensory words to describe the your plant. • Be ready to share with the class.

4. Purpose of a Flower Are Flowers More Than Just Pretty?

5. Flower Power • Essential Question: What are the parts of a flower and the function of each part? • Learning Goals: Observe and identify flower parts. Reconstruct a flower model. Recognize the function of a flower, identifying the processes of reproduction including pollination, fertilization, seed dispersal, and germination.

6. The Parts of a Flower • What are the three main parts of • flowers? • petals • stamens • pistil

7. The Parts of a Flower • Sepals protect the bud until it opens. • Petals attract insects. • Stamens make pollen. • Pistil contain the ovary which contains the ovules (eggs). • When fertilized, ovules grow into fruits which contain seed.

8. Flowering Plant Reproduction • Pistil • Ovary • Egg • Stamen • Pollen • Sperm • Pollination • Fertilization

9. The Stamen:Male Reproductive Part of a Flower Anther: Pollen grains (sperm cells) grow in the anther. Filament: This holds the anther.

10. The Pistil:Female Reproductive Parts of a Flower Stigma Style Ovary (carpel) Eggs(ovules)

11. Flower Power Writing Why Do Plants Make Flowers? Stories Must Include: • Common & scientific name • Description of the flower • Explanation of the role of the flower in the life cycle of the plant • Use or value of the plant Writing Assessment Rubric: • Accuracy of information • Creativity • Use of vivid vocabulary • Description of flower • Plant’s use or value

12. What is Pollination? Gizmos:Flower Pollination Pollination is the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of the stamen to the female stigma. • Pollen lands on a female pistil, sperm cells move down to the ovary, fertilizing the egg cells. • Fertilization combines DNA. • The result is a seed with a tiny plant inside. • The ovary grows into a fruit to protect the seeds.

13. Pollinators • Animals, wind, and water can all help in the transfer of pollen. • We call animals or insects that transfer pollen from plant to plant "pollinators ". • The flower type, shape, color, odor, nectar, and structure vary by the type of pollinator that visits them.

14. Wind Pollination • Some flowers, such as grasses, do not have brightly colored petals and nectar to attract insects. These flowers are pollinated by the wind.

15. Flowering plants use: • the wind • insects • bats • birds • mammals • to transfer pollen from the stamen (male) part of the flower to the stigma (female) part of the flower.

16. Check Point • What is pollination? • How do flowering plants depend on other living things in order to reproduce? • Why are young plants like but not identical to their parents?

17. Major Stages of Life Cycles of Florida Plants and Animals • SC.4.L.16.1 - Identify processes of sexual reproduction in flowering plants, including pollination, fertilization (seed production), seed dispersal, and germination. (Assessed as SC.3.L.14.1. “Fair Game”) AA • SC.4.L.16.4 - Compare and contrast the major stages in the life cycles of Florida plants and animals, such as those that undergo incomplete and complete metamorphosis, and flowering and nonflowering seed-bearing plants. AA

18. The Animal’s Life Cycle Birth to Death 1. They are born (egg or embryo). 2. They grow (infant). 3. They develop into adults (adolescent). 4. Adults can reproduce (adult stages).

19. Life Stages of Insects Incomplete Metamorphosis Complete Metamorphosis (butterflies and moths) a. Egg b. Larva (caterpillar) c. Pupa d. Adult (grasshoppers) a. Egg b. Nymph c. Adult

20. The Butterfly Life Cycle Complete Metamorphosis Larvae Egg Pupal Stage Adult Butterfly

21. The Grasshopper Life Cycle Incomplete Metamorphosis Nymph Egg Adult Grasshopper

22. Let’s Explore!

23. Gone to Seed Three main parts: 1. seed coat - a covering with two roles: - Protects new plant called embyro - Guards stored food called endosperm. 2. endosperm – stored food 3. embryo – The new plant with structures called seed leaves or cotyledons.

24. Senses & Hand Lens Sight - Looks Touch - Feels Hearing – Sounds when dropped Odor – Smells Qualitative Observations Measurement Tools Ruler Tape measure Balance Gram mass pieces QuantitativeObservations Observing Seeds

25. Observing a Seed • Observe the outside of a dry bean seed with a hand lens. Draw it and write down four or more properties including length and width. • Get a wet bean seed to observe. Draw it and write down four or more properties including length and width. • Why is the wet seed larger? • Split it open and observe its parts. Draw and label its inside including the seed coat, cotyledon, and embryo.

26. Wet Bean 1st Lets make Dry Seed Observations: Length: Width: Mass: Color: Texture: 2nd Let’s explore …

27. How do seeds get dispersed from a plant into the ground? • Some seeds are hidden in the ground by animals such as squirrels as a winter store. • Some seeds have hooks on them and cling to fur or clothes.

28. How do birds and animals help seed dispersal? • Birds and animals eat the fruits and excrete the seeds away from the parent plant.

29. Ways Seeds are Carried Away from a Plant • Animal-carried • Animal-consumed • Water-borne • Wind-borne • Propelled

30. Seed Germination What do seeds need to sprout? • Water • Oxygen • Proper temperature • Some require proper light

31. Seed Germination What are the variables that affect germination? Test your ideas on the Gizmo: Germination. www.explorelearning.com What did we learn? • Water • Proper temperature • Some require proper light • Oxygen

32. Where are seeds found in flowering and non flowering plants? Flowering Plants Holds seeds inside of the flower which lie dormant, waiting to be planted in the ground. Non-Flowering Plants Seeds are made in their cone or spores instead of the flower.

33. Life Cycle of Flowering Plants • Reproduction • Seed • Seedling • Adult Plant • Flowers/Fruit • Seed Dispersal • Germination

34. Reproduction in Non-Flowering Plants • Some plant produce spores. • Some plants produce cones that contain seeds.

35. Life Cycle of Flowering and Non-Flowering Plants

36. Life Cycle of a Plant

37. Remember… When the small plant inside begins to grow, the seed germinates. The young plant that grows from a seed is the seedling. Seeds are scattered by planting, wind, water, and animals.

38. Let’s Review! • What do all living things need to live and grow? food, water and air 2. Can you name the parts of a plant? roots, stem, leaves and flower 3. What do plants need to grow? sunlight, air, water and nutrients or minerals from the soil

39. 4. What do the roots do for a plant? The roots hold a plant in place and takes in water and nutrients from the soil. 5. What does the stem do for a plant? The stem holds up the plant and moves water and nutrients through it.

40. 6. Why does a plant need leaves? Leaves use sunlight, air, water, and nutrients to make food for the plant. 7. What do flowers do for plants? Flowers make fruits that hold seeds. These seeds will make new plants. 8. How can seeds be scattered? By planting, animals, water, and wind.