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Cell Boundaries

Cell Boundaries. Osmosis & Diffusion. About Cell Membranes. All cells have a cell membrane Functions : Controls what enters and exits the cell to maintain an internal balance called homeostasis Provides protection and support for the cell. TEM picture of a real cell membrane.

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Cell Boundaries

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  1. Cell Boundaries Osmosis & Diffusion

  2. About Cell Membranes • All cells have a cell membrane • Functions: • Controls what enters and exits the cell to maintain an internal balance called homeostasis • Provides protection and support for the cell TEM picture of a real cell membrane.

  3. About Cell Membranes (continued) • Structure of cell membrane Lipid Bilayer -2 layers of phospholipids • Phosphate head is polar (water loving) • Fatty acid tails non-polar(water fearing) • Proteins embedded in membrane Phospholipid Lipid Bilayer

  4. Fluid Mosaic Model of the cell membrane Polar heads love water & dissolve. Membrane movement animation Non-polar tails hide from water. Carbohydrate cell markers Proteins

  5. About Cell Membranes (continued) • 4. Cell membranes have pores (holes) in it • Selectively permeable: Allows some molecules in and keeps other molecules out • The structure helps it be selective! Pores

  6. Structure of the Cell Membrane Outside of cell Carbohydrate chains Proteins Lipid Bilayer Transport Protein Phospholipids Inside of cell (cytoplasm) Animations of membrane structure Go to Section:

  7. Animations of Active Transport & Passive Transport Weeee!!! high low This is gonna be hard work!! high low Types of Cellular Transport • Passive Transport cell doesn’t use energy • Diffusion • Facilitated Diffusion • Osmosis • Active Transport cell does use energy • Protein Pumps • Endocytosis • Exocytosis

  8. 3 Types of Passive Transport • Diffusion –the random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. • Facilitated Diffusion – the diffusion of particles through a protein channel. • Osmosis– Diffusion of water from a high concentration of water to a low concentration of water.  This means that water will cross a selectively permeable membrane from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution .

  9. Simple Diffusion Animation Passive Transport:1. Diffusion • Diffusion: random movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. (High to Low) • Diffusion continues until all molecules are evenly spaced (equilibrium is reached)-Note: molecules will still move around but stay spread out. http://bio.winona.edu/berg/Free.htm

  10. Diagram of an example of diffusion

  11. Passive Transport: 2. Facilitated Diffusion Glucose molecules Cellular Transport From a High High Concentration • Channel Proteins animations Cell Membrane Low Concentration Protein channel Low Transport Protein Through a  Go to Section:

  12. Passive Transport: 3. Osmosis Osmosis animation • 3.Osmosis:diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane • Water moves from high to low concentrations • Water moves freely through pores. • Solute (green) to large to move across.

  13. Osmosis In this picture a Red blood cell is put in a glass of distilled water (all water with no salt or sugar in it).  Because there is a higher concentration of water outside the cell, water enters the cell by OSMOSIS.  In this case too much water enters and the cell swells to the point of bursting open.  In the end pieces of cell membrane are left in the water.

  14. Summary: PassiveTransport • cell doesn’t use energy • Molecules move randomly. • Movement from an area of high concentration to an area of lowconcentration • (High  Low) • Three Types: Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, and Osmosis

  15. Sodium Potassium Pumps (Active Transport using proteins) Types of Active Transport • 1. Protein Pumps -transport proteins that require energy to do work • Example: Sodium / Potassium Pumps are important in nerve responses. Protein changes shape to move molecules: this requires energy!

  16. Types of Active Transport 2.Endocytosis: taking bulky material into a cell • Uses energy • Cell membrane in-folds around food particle • “cell eating” • forms food vacuole & digests food • This is how white blood cells eat bacteria!

  17. Types of Active Transport Endocytosis & Exocytosis animations 3. Exocytosis:Forces material out of cell in bulk • membrane surrounding the material fuses with cell membrane • Cell changes shape – requires energy • EX: Hormones or wastes released from cell

  18. Summary: Active Transport • cell uses energy • actively moves molecules to where they are needed • Movement from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration(Low  High) • Three Types: protein pump, endocytosis, exocytosis

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