Change Over Time and Continutity

1. Change Over Time and Continutity Colonization and Regionalism

3. The Southern Colonies • South is peppered with plantations centered on agriculture • Limited urban development • Cash Crops (Tobacco, Rice, and Indigo)

4. The Southern Colonies • Germans and Scots-Irish make up background of most families • Planters/Land Owning Elites are at the center of society

5. Southern Women • Regarded as 2nd class citizens • Could not vote or preach • Limited education that focused on household responsibilities • Submissive to men

6. The Institution of Slavery • Revisit of Indentured Servants • Slaves are referred to as property • Natives proved hard to enslave • Many slaves previously worked in West Indies on Sugar Plantations • Considered inferior both physically and mentally • Triangular Trade • Middle Passage • Slave life consisted of labor • Slave Culture • Language • Artifacts • Dance • Stono Rebellion

10. The New England Colonies • Environment forces New Englanders to be diverse in their agricultural practices • Wheat, fish, and timber are profitable industries for North • Merchants become essential to the social class structure-Capitalism

11. Colonial Diversity

13. THE MERCANTILE THEORY • Policy of all major European nations from 16th tol8th centuries. • Mercantilism – Belief that wealth was power and that a country’s economic wealth (both military and political power) could be measured by the amount of gold or silver in its treasury.

14. MercantilismElements of the Theory • To get gold, must export more than import • Colonies provide export markets • Colonies provide source for raw material • Colonies can’t trade with others • Colonies can’t produce their own finished goods • Encourage colonies to produce what mother country must import

15. Mercantilism Trammels On Trade • Parliament passed many laws to enforce the mercantile system • Navigation Laws– most famous • Significance • Other Laws

16. The Money Problem • All currency came from outside. • Had to use British, French and Spanish Coins • Colonists buying more than could sell under Mercantile policies, so chronic shortage of hard currency

17. The Money Problem • What did colonists use for currency besides coins? • Barter • On the eve of revolution, colonies issue paper money of dubious value • Why value “dubious”? • Parliament eventually bans, which is one more grievance of colonists

18. Merits of Mercantilism • Salutary Neglect. • Robert Walpole. • Smuggling. • Americans did reap many direct benefits from Mercantilism. • What were they?

19. Benefits of Mercantilism • Price supports and subsidies helped them compete against the Europeans. • Tobacco monopoly. • They had rights of Englishmen and opportunities for self-government. • Protection of the strong British army and Navy • Prosperity trickled down

20. The Menace Of Mercantilism • Downside to Mercantilism • It hurt economic initiative • Southern planters were treated more favorably. • Cash Crop farmers forced into debt • Mercantilism was humiliating to Americans

21. The Stamp Tax Uproar • After the war, Brits wanted to start taxing the American Colonies. • Why? • For what Purpose? • George Grenville ordered End of Salutary Neglect. • Revenue Acts

22. New Mercantilist Laws • Sugar Act—1764 • Quartering Act of 1765 • Currency Act • Stamp Act —1765 • This Act became the most hated