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Principles of Agricultural Science – Plant

Pollination and Fertilization Unit 7 – Sexual Reproduction Lesson 7.2 Pollination and Fertilization. Principles of Agricultural Science – Plant. If We Have Pollen…. pollination can occur. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower. Types of Pollination.

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Principles of Agricultural Science – Plant

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  1. Pollination and FertilizationUnit 7 – Sexual ReproductionLesson 7.2 Pollination and Fertilization Principles of Agricultural Science – Plant

  2. If We Have Pollen… pollination can occur. Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower.

  3. Types of Pollination Some plants use different methods to achieve pollination: • Self-pollination: Transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigmas of the same flower or to flowers on the same plant. • Cross Pollination: Transfer of pollen between two plants that are not of identical genetic material.

  4. Mechanisms Used for Pollen Transfer • Animals • Insects • Water • Wind

  5. Attracting Pollinators The flower uses important features to attract animals and especially insects to help the pollination process: • Bright petal colors • Fragrance • Nectar

  6. Fertilization Fertilization is the union of pollen with the ovule to produce seeds. Once pollen grains are transferred to the stigma: • Pollen grains move through the pollen tube to the ovule. • A pollen gamete unites with the egg cell gamete in the ovule. • Ovary swells and forms the fruit.

  7. A Microscopic View: The Birth of Pollen and Egg Cells Pollen and egg cells must undergo the process of Meiosis to become haploid. Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in new cells by half.

  8. Start With a Sex Cell • Male and female productive organs produce sex cells also called germ cells • The nucleus contains chromosomes, which carry genes. Chromosome Nucleus Chromatid

  9. Meiosis I Diploid cells, which are cells with two sets of each chromosome. Diploid Sex Cell HaploidCells Matching chromosomes separate

  10. Meiosis II Cells divide again to produce haploid gametes. This process happens for both pollen and egg cells. Four gametes are produced

  11. From Gametes Back to a Diploid Pollen Gametes Egg Gametes I I I I I I I I Fertilization This new cell is called a zygote. I I

  12. The Development of a Zygote Cells undergo rapid mitosis as the zygote grows. Parent Cell Replication Cell Division Daughter Cells You will learn more about mitosis in a later activity.

  13. The Next Step Following fertilization, division of the zygote will continue the cell replication process. This process is called mitosis.

  14. Mitosis Mitosis is the division of cells to produce daughter cells that contain a full set of chromosomes.

  15. Phases to Mitosis • Interphase • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase Mitosis phases will be explored further in Activity 7.2.2 A Closer Look at Mitosis.

  16. References Herren, R. V., & Donahue, R. L. (2000). Delmar’s agriscience dictionary with searchable CD-ROM. Albany, NY: Delmar. Parker, R. (2004). Introduction to plant science (Rev. ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar. Schooley, J. (1997). Introduction to botany. Albany, NY: Delmar Publishers. Toogood, A. R. (Ed.). (1999). American Horticultural Society plant propagation: The fully illustrated plant-by-plant manual of practical techniques. New York, NY: Dorling Kindersley.

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