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Respiratory Protection

Respiratory Protection. پس از پايان جلسه دانشجو بايد فراگير بايد بتواند: 1- مقدمه اي در مورد روشهاي كنترل آلودگيهاي هواي محيط كار بيان كند. 2- موارد نياز به ماسكهاي تنفسي را توضيح دهد. 3- انواع ماسكهاي تنفسي را نام ببرد. Protecting Employees from Workplace Hazards.

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Respiratory Protection

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  1. Respiratory Protection

  2. پس از پايان جلسه دانشجو بايد فراگير بايد بتواند: 1- مقدمه اي در مورد روشهاي كنترل آلودگيهاي هواي محيط كار بيان كند. 2- موارد نياز به ماسكهاي تنفسي را توضيح دهد. 3- انواع ماسكهاي تنفسي را نام ببرد.

  3. Protecting Employees from Workplace Hazards • Employers must protect employees from hazards such as falling objects, harmful substances, and noise exposures that can cause injury • Employers must: • Use all feasible engineering and work practice controls to eliminate and reduce hazards • Use personal protective equipment (PPE) if the controls don’t eliminate the hazards. • PPE is the last level of control!

  4. Engineering Controls If . . . The work environment can be physically changed to prevent employee exposure to the potential hazard, Then . . . The hazard can be eliminated with an engineering control

  5. Engineering Controls Examples . . . • Initial design specifications • Substitute less harmful material • Change process • Enclose process • Isolate process

  6. Dust Control Systems

  7. Dust Control Systems

  8. Work Practice Controls If . . . Employees can change the way they do their jobs and the exposure to the potential hazard is removed, Then . . . The hazard can be eliminated with a work practice control

  9. Work Practice Controls -- Examples

  10. O E T What is in an Atmosphere? OXYGEN EXPLOSIVES TOXICANTS

  11. كاربرد اختصاصي تجهيزات حفاظت فردي • كار با فرآيندهاي جديد • ورود به محل هاي ناشناخته • كارهاي تعمير و نگه داري • رفع آلودگي از محيط ،افراد و تجهيزات آلوده • استفاده از آفت هاي كشاورزي(كاربرد كشاورزي) • پاسخ به موارد اضطراري

  12. پاسخ به موارد اضطراري • فعاليت هايي كه نيازمند تجهيزات حفاظتي هستند: • بررسي محل حادثه • نجات مصدومين • كنترل آزادسازي • پايش اضطراري • رفع آلودگي محل و مصدومين و ...

  13. OXYGEN 22 % 20.7 % 19.5 % 12 % 10 % 8 % 6 % 4 % OXYGEN Normal at Sea Level Normal at Sea Level

  14. OXYGEN 22 % 20.7 % 19.5 % 12 % 10 % 8 % 6 % 4 % OXYGEN Wide Awake, Hyper Vigilant

  15. OXYGEN 22 % 20.7 % 19.5 % 12 % 10 % 8 % 6 % 4 % OXYGEN > 26 % O2, Spontaneous Combustion Can Occur >22 % Oxygen is Considered IDLH Due to Exceptional Risk of Fire

  16. OXYGEN 22 % 20.7 % 19.5 % 12 % 10 % 8 % 6 % 4 % OXYGEN Loss of Coordination, Loss of Perception, Lack of Judgment < 19.5 % Oxygen Considered IDLH by OSHA -- Entry Requires CO’s Permission

  17. OXYGEN 22 % 20.7 % 19.5 % 12 % 10 % 8 % 6 % 4 % OXYGEN Blue Lips, Disorientation

  18. OXYGEN 22 % 20.7 % 19.5 % 12 % 10 % 8 % 6 % 4 % OXYGEN Vomit

  19. OXYGEN 22 % 20.7 % 19.5 % 12 % 10 % 8 % 6 % 4 % OXYGEN Unconscious 5 min : Could recover 6 min: 50% Fatal 8 min: 100% Fatal

  20. OXYGEN 22 % 20.7 % 19.5 % 12 % 10 % 8 % 6 % 4 % OXYGEN Coma in 40 Seconds

  21. OXYGEN 22 % 20.7 % 19.5 % 12 % 10 % 8 % 6 % 4 % OXYGEN Just Remember . . . Oxygen Levels Greater than 22% or Less than 19.5% are IDLH ! X X Death

  22. Reasons for Oxygen deficiency: • Eductors • Fires • Rusting (Oxidation) • Inerting • Decomposing Organic Matter • -- Sewage • -- Fermentation of grains, sugars, etc. • -- Rotting plant or marine life

  23. EXPLOSIVES Greater Than 10% LELis ConsideredIDLH -- andRequires CO’s Permissionfor Entry Levels Near LEL Leave No Buffer for Explosive Gas Build-Up Too Rich UEL Explosivity Explosive Range LEL Too Lean 10% % Vapor Concentration

  24. Toxic Gas Common Shipboard Hazards Carbon Monoxide Hydrogen Sulfide Halon & Freon Carbon Dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide Methane Hydrogen Ammonia

  25. Responsibilities • Employer • Assess workplace for hazards • Provide PPE • Determine when to use • Provide PPE training for employees and instruction in proper use • Employee • Use PPE in accordance with training received and other instructions • Inspect daily and maintain in a clean and reliable condition

  26. ب- ماسك تنفسي Respirator Protective • از نظر مطالعات تئوريك آلاينده ها را به 3 گروه زير :گاز،بخاروآلاينده هاي ذره اي تقسيم مي‌كنند. • هر يك از اين آلاينده ها اثرات خاصي را بر روي سيستم تنفسي ايجاد مي‌كنند. روشهاي محافظتي در مقابل آلاينده هاي گاز و بخار: • 1. هوا رساني از طريق لوله هاي دمنده • 2. استفاده از ماسكهاي مجهز به كپسولهاي هواي فشرده • 3. استفاده از ماسكهاي مجهز به فيلتر هاي ضد گاز (Gas Mask)

  27. ب- ماسك تنفسي Respirator Protective • روشهاي محافظتي در مقابل آلاينده هاي ذره اي • 1. استفاده از شلنگ هواي فشرده • 2. استفاده از سيستمهاي هوا رسان • 3. استفاده از ماسكهاي مجهز به فيلتر هاي ذره گير (Dust Mask)

  28. ب- ماسك تنفسي Respirator Protective بطور كلي ماسكهاي تنفسي از 2 قسمت تشكيل شده اند: • جسم اصلي ماسك Face Piece • جزء پاك كننده هوا Air-Purifying Element جسم اصلي ماسك داراي يك ورودي و يك خروجي هوا و يك قاب فيلتر است كه اين ضمائم توسط بندي روي سر مستقر مي شوند. ماسكها از نظر ظاهري يا تمام صورت را مي پوشانند • (Full Face Mask)تمام صورت را مي پوشانند ؛(Half Face Mask) نيمي از صورت را مي پوشانند. • جزء پاك كننده هوا اساسي ترين جزء ماسك است كه تحت عنوان فيلتر از آن ياد مي‌شود.

  29. ب- ماسك تنفسي Respirator Protective • فيلتر ها دو نوع اند : • فيلترهاي گيرنده گازها و بخارات (Gas Filter) • فيلترهاي گيرنده ذرات (Dust Filter) • در مورد انتخاب فيلترها استانداردهاي خاصي وجود دارد . در درجه بندي فيلترهاي مختلف • Classification)) هر چه شماره n بيشتر باشد فيلتر موثرتر عمل مي‌كند مثلا P4 توان ذره گيري بهتري نسبت به بقيه دارد.

  30. ب- ماسك تنفسي Respirator Protective استاندارد CE • A –  بخارات آلي (قهوه اي) • B-  بخارات مواد معدني (طوسي) • E-  بخارات اسيدي و SO2 (زرد) • K-  بخارات مواد قليايي (سبز) • P-  ذرات (سفيد)

  31. آموزش در صورتی که لازم است کارمندان از PPE استفاده کنند، آنها را آموزش دهید: • چرا کاربرد آن ها لازم است. • چگونه اين ابزار، افراد را حفاظت می کنند؟ • محدوديت های آن چيست؟ • کی و چگونه بايد از اين ابزار استفاده کرد؟ • چگونه نشانه های پوشيدن را تشخيص دهيم؟ • چگونه آن ها را تميز کنيم و اثرات نا مطلوب را از بين ببريم. • عمر مفيد آن چقدر است و چگونه خراب می شود.

  32. Respiratory Inlet Covering • That portion of a respirator that forms the protective barrier between the user’s respiratory tract and an air-purifying device or breathing air source, or both • May be a facepiece, helmet, hood, suit, or a mouthpiece respirator with nose clamp

  33. Tight -Fitting Coverings Quarter Mask Half Mask Full Facepiece Mouthpiece/Nose Clamp (no fit test required)

  34. Filter A component used in respirators to remove solid or liquid aerosols from the inspired air. Also called air purifying element.

  35. Canister or Cartridge A container with a filter, sorbent, or catalyst, or combination of these items, which removes specific contaminants from the air passed through the container.

  36. Negative Pressure Respirator A respirator in which the air pressure inside the facepiece is negative during inhalation with respect to the ambient air pressure outside the respirator.

  37. Filtering Facepiece(Dust Mask) A negative pressure particulate respirator with a filter as an integral part of the facepiece or with the entire facepiece composed of the filtering medium.

  38. Air-Purifying Respirator (APR) A respirator with an air-purifying filter, cartridge, or canister that removes specific air contaminants by passing ambient air through the air-purifying element.

  39. Positive Pressure Respirator A respirator in which the pressure inside the respiratory inlet covering exceeds the ambient air pressure outside the respirator.

  40. Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR) An air-purifying respirator that uses a blower to force the ambient air through air-purifying elements to the inlet covering.

  41. Atmosphere-Supplying Respirator • A respirator that supplies the user with breathing air from a source independent of the ambient atmosphere • Includes supplied-air respirators (SARs) and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) units

  42. Classes of Atmosphere-Supplying Respirators • Continuous Flow. Provides a continuous flow of breathing air to the respiratory inlet covering • Demand. Admits breathing air to the facepiece only when a negative pressure is created inside the facepiece by inhalation • Pressure Demand. Admits breathing air to the facepiece when the positive pressure inside the facepiece is reduced by inhalation

  43. Supplied Air Respirator (SAR) An atmosphere-supplying respirator for which the source of breathing air is not designed to be carried by the user. Also called airline respirator.

  44. Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) An atmosphere-supplying respirator for which the breathing air source is designed to be carried by the user.

  45. Escape-Only Respirator A respirator intended to be used only for emergency exit.

  46. CLASSES OF RESPIRATORY PROTECTION EQUIPMENT • Air Purifying • Supplied Air

  47. AIR PURIFYING • Remove contaminants from atmosphere • Do not generate oxygen (must be used in 19.5 - 22% 02 atmosphere)

  48. AIR PURIFYING • Mechanical- protection from particles (dust, fumes, fog) • Chemical- vapors and gases in low concentrations

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