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Review. A somatic cell having two of each type of chromosome is called a _______ cell. A duplicated chromosome has ______ chromatid. In a chromosome, a ______ is a constricted region with attachment sites for microtubules. Interphase is the part of the cell cycle when _________.

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Review

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  1. Review • A somatic cell having two of each type of chromosome is called a _______ cell. • A duplicated chromosome has ______ chromatid. • In a chromosome, a ______ is a constricted region with attachment sites for microtubules. • Interphase is the part of the cell cycle when _________. • After mitosis, the chromosome number of a daughter cell is ______ the parent cell’s.

  2. What are the four phases of Mitosis?

  3. Cancer

  4. What is Cancer? • When new cells form when the body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. • Extra cells form a mass of tissue called a growth or tumor.

  5. Tumors • Benigntumors – not cancerous, can be removed. Cells in benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body. • Malignanttumors – are cancer, cancer cells invade and destroy the tissue around them. • Metastasize – cells from the tumor leave and spread to other parts of the body.

  6. What Causes Cancer? • Changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of cells. • Many gene changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use, diet, exposure to the sun, or exposure to carcinogens (cancer-causing substances). • Cancer is not contagious.

  7. Can Cancer be Prevented? • Reduce your risk: • Not using tobacco products • Choosing foods with less fat and by eating more vegetables, fruits and whole grains. • Exercising regularly and maintaining a healthy weight. • Avoiding harmful rays of the sun, using sunscreen.

  8. Who Gets Cancer? • Most cancers occur in adults over the age of 55. • There are over 10.5 million cancer survivors in the U.S. today. • Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the U.S. • 77% of all cancers are diagnosed in people over the age of 55. • 14 out of every 100,000 children (15 and under) are diagnosed with cancer every year.

  9. What Type of Cancer is the Most Common? • Half of all cancer is skin cancer. • Sunlight exposure is the most significant risk factor.

  10. What Type of Cancer Causes the Most Deaths? • Lung cancer is the number one cancer killer in the U.S. • Cigarette smoking causes 82% of these deaths. • Smoking is responsible for more than 400,000 deaths each year in the U.S.

  11. How is Cancer Treated? • Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy and biological therapy. • Radiationtherapy – uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells in a targeted area. • Chemotherapy – use of drugs that kill cancer cells throughout the body. Healthy cells can also be harmed.

  12. Hormonetherapy – treats certain cancers that depend on hormones for their growth. It works by keeping cancer cells from getting or using the hormones they need to grow. Doctors may remove organs that make hormones. • Biologicaltherapy – uses the body’s immune system to fight disease and to lessen some of the side effects of cancer treatment.

  13. Side Effects • Hair loss is a common side effect of chemotherapy. • People lose their hair because chemotherapy drugs target rapidly growing cells. • Hair cells grow rapidly.

  14. http://lancearmstrong.edgeboss.net/qtime/lancearmstrong/school/advocacy-volunteering-10-12.movhttp://lancearmstrong.edgeboss.net/qtime/lancearmstrong/school/advocacy-volunteering-10-12.mov

  15. http://www.thon.org/ • http://www.cancerinformation.com/?s_mcid=google-ppc&s_kwcid=TC|17286|cancer%20information||S||3612553943 • http://www.aicr.org/site/PageServer • PowerPoint Presentation • Include in your PowerPoint: • What is Cancer? • How it is treated? • Who are at risk? • Thon PSU • How can we get involved in curing cancer?

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