"Hellenistic" Greece: 324 - 100 B.C.E.

1. "Hellenistic" Greece: 324 - 100 B.C.E. Notes by: M. Steward Template by: Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley H.S. Chappaqua, NY

3. Small, mountainous country north of Greece Most Macedonians were farmers. Cared little for Greeks; fought them in Persian Wars Macedonian kings were from Greek decent. Macedonia

5. Becomes king in 359 BCE Sparta still saw itself as the most powerful polis, or city, in Greece. Sparta left weak after Peloponnesian War, Macedon left strong. From 359-336, Philip conquers most of Greece around Macedon and down towards Athens Philip II of Macedon

6. King Phillip II of Macedon • Learned to love Greek culture when he was held prisoner in Thebes as a youth • Believed it was his destiny to unify the city-states and spread Greek culture

7. Had professional army New infantry formation (the phalanx) Better weapons Projectile weapons How did he accomplish this in 20 years?

8. Warfare in the Age of Alexander • Phalanx: A formation of infantry carrying overlapping shields and long spears, developed by Philip II and used by Alexander the Great

9. To gain the upper-hand, would bribe local Greek officials Caused conflict among city-states, when weakened, would attack and conquer Made treaties with Greek leaders only to break them Used marriage to form political alliances “Alliances”?

10. Athenian orator; tried to warn Greeks against Philip Most Greeks believed in Philip after being discouraged with their local governments When Philip lead his soldiers into central Greece in 338 B.C., Thebes and Athens tried to prevent invasion. They were defeated at the Battle of Chaeronea Demosthenes

11. Philip was killed during his preparations to take over Persia as well. His son Alexander took over the throne. Philip’s Dream Unrealized...?

12. Alexander the Great356-323 B.C.E.

13. Born in 356 BCE. Some claim he was the son of Olympias (his mother) and Zeus was his father. Father was Philip II. Raised in a military family, taken to battlefield at an early age. Alexander the Great--birth

14. Fearless and strong, at 12, tames Bucephalus, a horse no one else could ride. Becomes his horse and travels on many journeys. From 13 to 16, he was taught by Aristotle, a great Greek philosopher, scientist and lover of art. Alexander the Great-education

15. Strong in mind and physically Was commander of his army since the age of 16 Included scientists and philosophers in army Would take back plant and animal samples for Aristotle Alexander the Great

16. Alexander the Great’s Empire

17. Alexander the Great in Persia

18. Conquerors: Alexander Alexander the Great

19. Building Greek Cities in the East

21. Pergamum:A New “Hellenistic”City CosmopolitanCulture

22. Trade in the Hellenistic World

23. Library at Alexandria (333 B.C.E.)

25. EXTRA SLIDES

26. Hellenic vs. Hellenistic Art

27. Hellenistic Philosophers • Cynics  Diogenes • ignore social conventions & avoid luxuries. • citizens of the world. • live a humble, simple life. • Epicurians  Epicurus • avoid pain & seek pleasure. • all excess leads to pain! • politics should be avoided.

28. Hellenistic Philosophers • Stoics  Zeno • nature is the expansion of divine will. • concept of natural law. • get involved in politics, not for personal gain, but to perform virtuous acts for the good of all. • true happiness is found in great achievements.

29. The “Known” World – 3c B.C.E.

30. Hellenism:The Arts & Sciences • Scientists / Mathematicians: • Aristarchus heliocentric theory. • Euclid geometry. • Archimedes pulley. • Ptolemy geocentric theory.

31. Ptolemaic View of the Universe

32. The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire

33. The Incursion of Rome into the Hellenistic World