Ancient Greece

1. Ancient Greece

2. Ancient Greece Balkan Peninsula

3. The Geography of Greece • Mainland is a peninsula. • Trading and fishing • Farming – wheat, barley, olives, and grapes • Fiercely independent due to being divided by mts and seas

4. The Minoans • Island of Crete • Earned living by shipbuilding and trade • Arthur Evans • Knossos • Collapsed about 1450 B.C. • Theories

5. Palace at Knossos

6. Wall painting from Knossos

7. The First Greek Kingdoms • Built by the Mycenaeans who were originally from central Asia • Warriors became nobles who ruled the people they conquered.

8. What were Mycenaean Kingdoms like? • Fortified palace on a hill --- centerpiece of each kingdom • Large farms (estates) belonged to nobles • Slaves and farmers lived on the estates

9. Power from Trade and War • Copied the ways Minoans • Work with bronze and shipbuilding • Learned how to use sun and stars at sea • Started worshipping Mother Earth (Minoans’ chief goddess) • Replaced Minoans as a major power • King Agamemnon --- Trojan War

10. What was the Dark Age? • 1200 B.C. – earthquakes and fighting among the kingdoms destroyed hilltop forts • 1100 B.C. – Mycenaean civilization collapsed. • 1100 – 750 B.C. were difficult for Greeks • Trade slowed and poverty took hold

11. What was the Dark Age?(Continued) • Stopped teaching how to write and craftwork • Positive – population shift • Dorians • Peloponnesus • Increase in trade brought new way of writing • Greek alphabet

12. English words that came from Greek:geometry, physics, astronomy, star, galaxy, atom, music, melody, chorus, drama, comedy, poet, character, history, metropolis, athlete, and stadium

13. A Move to Colonize • Couldn’t grow enough food to feed everyone • Colonies traded grains, metals, fish, timber, and enslaved people with the mainland in exchange for pottery, wine, and olive oil • 600 B.C. – mint coins • No more barter

15. The Polis • City-states known as polis • Hill • Acropolis • Agora • Varied in size and population • Athens – nearly 300,000 people (500 B.C.)

16. Athens

17. What was Greek Citizenship? • They ran the city-state. • 1st to develop this idea. • Only free native-born men who owned land • Women and children might qualify but were limited in their rights. • Rights: vote, hold office, own property, and defend themselves in court

18. Citizens as Soldiers • Hoplites • Took pride in their fighting for their city-state • Foot and armed: • Round shield (help to create a protective wall) • Short sword • 9 foot spear • Rows

19. Review • What made the Minoans wealthy? • How was a Greek city-state different form a city? • What changes occurred in Greece during the Dark Age? • Name 3 rights granted to Greek citizens that Americans have today. • Why did the use of money help trade grow?

20. Minoans Mycenaeans

21. Minoans Mycenaeans • Lived on Greek • mainland • First Greek • kings • Built fortified • palaces on • hills • Borrowed ideas • from Minoans • Lived on • Crete • Built first • civilization • in Greece • Worked in • bronze Earned wealth from trade

22. Sparta and Athens

24. Tyranny in the City-States • Nobles seized power from kings • Tyrants – take power by force and rules with total authority • Building new marketplaces, temples, and walls • Oligarchy – Sparta • Democracy - Athens

25. Sparta

26. Sparta • Founded by Dorians • Instead of setting colonies, they conquered and enslaved their neighbors. • Helots

27. Why was the Military So Important? • Fear of being taken over led to firm control and training for war • 7 years old live in barracks • 20 years – enter regular army • 30 years – returned home • Girls were trained in sports. • Women were freer

28. Sparta’s Government • Oligarchy • 2 kings headed a council of elders • All men over 30 • Ephors • Discouraged foreign visitors

29. Athens

30. Life in Athens • School • Citizen at 18 • Girls

31. Building Democracy • Early Athens – landowning nobles – oligarchy • Solon • Peisistratus • Cleisthenes

32. Cleisthenes • All male citizens • New powers • Council of 500 • Proposed laws • Dealt with foreign countries • Oversaw treasury • Members were chosen by lottery every year. • Non-citizens were excluded. • Credited with making Athens a democracy

33. Riddle • Men in Athens liked to go to fancy dinner parties where they told riddles. • “When you look at me, I look at you. When you speak, I open my mouth and move my lips, but you cannot hear me and I cannot see you. What am I?” • A Mirror

36. Review • Who were the helots? • Why did tyrants fall out favor with the Greeks? • Why did Athenians choose officials by lottery? Would there be drawbacks to this method? • How did the Greek nobles gain power?

37. Review • Why was Solon popular among farmers and unpopular among others? • How did Athenian democracy keep one person from gaining too much power?

38. Persia Attacks the Greeks

39. The Persian Wars Both Sparta and Athens played roles in defeating the Persians.

41. The Battle of Marathon • 490 B.C. – Persians landed on Marathon • 20,000 soldiers – 10,000 Athenian soldiers • Athenian victory

42. Statute of Pheidippiedes along Marathon Road

44. Another Persian Strike • Darius’ son, Xerxes • 480 B.C. – revenge • Greece unites

45. Thermopylae • Narrow pass through the mts that was easy to defend • 7,000 Greek soldiers held them off for 2 days • Traitor • Persian victory

46. Salamis • Strait • Greek ships - smaller, faster, and easier to steer • Greeks destroyed almost the entire Persian fleet

47. Plataea • Greeks crushed the Persian army here. • Turning point • Saved Greece from invasion

48. Ancient Greek warships --- triremes

49. Scythians • Grassland north of the Black Sea • Hit-and-run tactics

50. Fall of Persian Empire • Greek defeat weakened it. • Internal problems • Remained intact for 150 more yrs • Alexander the Great – 334 B.C.