The Industrial Age

1. The Industrial Age Section 1: The Expansion of Industry Section 2: The Age of the Railroads Section 3: Big Business Emerges Section 4: Workers of the Nation Unite

2. The Expansion of Industry “In the late 19th century, the harnessing of abundant natural resources and an explosion of inventions radically changed industry and daily life in the United States. Drake’s oil well, Bessemer’s steel-making process, Edison’s light bulb, and Bell’s telephone were only some of these revolutionary developments. New industries flourished, creating new products and jobs for both men and women.”

3. The Age of the Railroads “Railroads, one of these growing industries, provided great benefits, but at a high cost. While railroads linked towns and cities across the country, the workers who built them faced low pay and dangerous conditions. Corrupt management, demonstrated in the Credit Mobilier scandal, abounded and angered the public. Demands by farmers for regulation resulted in the formation of the Interstate Commerce Commission but did not prevent railroads from becoming a powerful political and economic force.”

4. The Expansion of Industry “Over the course of thirty years, America became an industrial and agricultural powerhouse. By 1894, the United States was ranked first in industrialized nations of the world.” So, what contributed to this growth?

5. The Expansion of Industry • Discovery of natural resources • Cheap labor in the form of immigrants • Growth of the nations infrastructure (canals, roads, railroads) • Producing by machine as opposed to by hand The time was ripe for technological innovation & creation. All we needed were people to do it.

6. The Expansion of Industry Drake’s Oil Well Bessemer’s Steel Process Edison’s Light bulb Sholes’ Typewriter Bell’s Telephone

7. The Expansion of Industry The Drake Well Not this Drake.

8. The Expansion of Industry The Drake Well This Drake. The “first” oil well in history?

9. The Expansion of Industry Bessemer’s Steel Process

10. The Expansion on Industry Edison’s Light Bulb Had over 1,000 patents for different creations.

11. The Expansion of Industry Shole’s Typewriter

12. The Expansion of Industry Bell’s Telephone

13. The Age of the Railroads

14. The Age of the Railroads

15. The Age of the Railroads What Did I Do? Prof. Charles F. Dowd

16. The Age of the Railroads Pacific, Mountain, Central, Atlantic Why do we base our time zone around Greenwich, England?

17. The Credit Mobilier Scandal

18. The Age of the Railroads What were some of the negative impacts the railroad had on the nation?

19. The Age of the Railroads • Railroads often worked together to manipulate prices to keep farmers in debt • Railroads, such as the U.P. & C.P., often schemed to get more land • Price gouging took place on trips where customers often had no other option

20. The Age of the Railroads Granger Laws The Grange would take political action sponsoring officials to make laws to benefit farmers. These laws would establish laws limiting price gouging and ridding of discriminatory methods Munn v. Illinois Said that private property used for public good could be regulated by the government, in this case, the state.

21. The Age of Railroads The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 The Supreme Court would rule that the state could not set rates on interstate commerce. The ICC was passed to establish a committee to oversee railroad activates, but were undermined again by the Supreme Court (Ruled that maximum prices could not be set).

22. REVIEW!

23. REVIEW! Name the invention that each person is responsible for as well as why it was important: Edwin Drake Henry Bessemer Thomas Alva Edison Alexander Graham Bell Christopher Sholes Oil Well Bessemer Process Light bulb (and many many more) Telephone Typewriter

24. REVIEW! What factors contributed to the growth of industry in the United States? Natural resources Cheap labor Growth of infrastructure Production by machine

25. REVIEW! Who was Charles F. Dowd and what did he do? Professor who came up with the idea of time zones base on location in proximity to Greenwich, England.

26. REVIEW! What was the Credit Mobilier scandal? Scandal in which railroad companies and politicians received kickbacks after overcharging for jobs.

27. REVIEW! What were some issues farmers had with the railroad company? How did they respond? Unfair treatments that often left farmers in debt. Formed The Grange.

28. REVIEW! Describe Munn v. Illinois.

29. REVIEW! What was the Interstate Commerce Committee and why was it formed? Regulated railroads through a five member committee. Formed in response to public outrage that limited the amount of influence the government had on railroad operations.