Oceans Of Energy Paul Mario Koola

1. Oceans Of EnergyPaul Mario Koola Facing the four Elements: Developing a Transatlantic Approach to Sustainability DAAD Meeting in New York City Panel II FIRE – HOW WILL WE POWER OUR PLANET? October 28 – 30, 2010

2. Oceans Of Energy

3. Population Growth - Wiki

4. Renewable Energy

5. Water Shortage www.worldwatercouncil.org 1.1 billion people live without clean drinking water 2.6 billion people lack adequate sanitation (2002, UNICEF/WHO JMP 2004) Source: WaterGAP 2.0 - December 1999

6. 70% of Earth’s Surface THE COASTAL POPULATION EXPLOSION - Don Hinrichsen Overwhelming bulk of humanity - on just 10% of the earth’s land surface - concentrated along or near coasts 55-60% of all Americans now live on or near a coast 200 Mile Economic Exclusive Zone How to sustain / create ocean wealth responsibly Huge Untapped Real Estate Power & Desalination Aquaculture Mineral Wealth (Manganese Nodules) Recreation – Floating Islands etc. Floating Airports Sensor Networks / Transportation Oceans Kansai Airport - Wiki

7. Outline Problem Water & Energy Shortage with Population Growth Solution – Ocean Energy (Wave Energy) Technology Business Model Competitive Analysis Areas of Expertise Market and Sales Pitch Summary

8. Use Ocean Real Estatee.g. Ocean Sensor Network Problem – Lacks Power Infrastructure Solution - Ocean Energy • Infrastructure lacks power to self sustain • Alternate commercial applications likely if power infrastructure available Princeton Ocean Network Navy Ocean Network

9. Ocean Energies Tidal Currents Offshore Wind Osmotic Power Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Wave Energy

10. Tidal Energy Dam of the tidal power plant on the estuary of the Rance River, Bretagne, France (240 MW, 1966 ) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_power SeaGen - world's first commercial tidal generator in Strangford Lough Northern Ireland http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/00/Tide_type.gif

11. Ocean Current Energy Hammerfest Strøm AS 2006 Gulfstream Energy Incorporated 2006 http://ocsenergy.anl.gov/documents/docs/OCS_EIS_WhitePaper_Current.pdf

12. Offshore Wind Energy • Energy generation is higher out in the sea - unobstructed by terrain features • Electricity generated is transmitted by undersea cables • Reduced visual pollution - more than 12 miles (19 km) offshore http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Hywind.jpg • Better accommodation of fishing and shipping lanes • Allow siting near coastal cities http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Floating_loose_mooring_catenary_plain.svg

13. Osmotic Power - Wiki Difference in the salt concentration between seawater and river water Two practical methods Reverse electrodialysis (RED) Stack of alternating cathode and anode exchange membranes Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO). The water potential of 26 bars The world's first osmotic plant with capacity of 4 kW was opened by Statraft on 24 November, 2009 in Tofte, Norway

14. OTEC http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Otec2.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/OTEC_diagram.gif http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Otec2.jpg http://www.nrel.gov/otec/what.html

15. Wave Energy Wave Energy – Scalable Power Researched in depth from the 70’s Oil Crisis Time is Right, Technology Available

16. Ocean Wave Energy Waves are a concentrated form of wind energy Waves are formed by winds blowing over the surface of the ocean Worldwide economically recoverable wave energy resource are in the range of 140 to 750 TWh/yr [ETNWE 2003] The UK Dept. of Trade and Industry (DTI) predicts 35TW/year by 2025 in UK [VBR 2007] Relative Global Wave Energy Density (kW/m) Source: Wave Energy paper. IMechE, 1991 and  European Directory of Renewable Energy (Suppliers and Services) 1991

17. Outline Problem – Water & Energy Shortage Solution – Ocean Energy (Wave Energy) Technology Business Model Competitive Analysis Areas of Expertise Market and Sales Pitch Summary

18. Wave Energy Converters (WEC) WEC converts slow moving oscillations in ocean waves to electricity Problem is how to build a cost effective WEC? Total Life Cycle Cost includes Design, Fabrication, Deployment & Maintenance Maintenance is approx. 20% of the total cost of the power produced (Maintenance in Ocean) UK Wave power electricity prices range from 12p/KWHr to 25p/KWHr. Scaling will see drop in prices [VBR 2007]

19. Wave Energy Technologies Evolution WE1.0 –> 2.0 –> 3.0 Floats/Buoys (heave) or Pitching Devices (slope) Oscillating Water Columns – OWC Surge Concentrators TAPCHAN Passive or Active (Phase Control) Shallow / Deep Water Bottom Standing / Floating Devices © Boyle 1996 OWC: Wavegen Pelamis

20. Outline Problem – Ocean Power Infrastructure Solution – Wave Energy Technology Business Model Competitive Analysis Areas of Expertise Market and Sales Pitch Summary

21. Wave Energy Technologies Viable New Marketing Model Power Stations at Sea. (WE 3.0) First intent not to push power to shore but consume it where produced (new market) Distributed Ocean Network Power, Wireless Communication, Desalination (future) Power Buoys trade Energy Sell Floating Power Islands (Increase Network) Autonomous Revenue Management and Control via wireless communication to shore Investors own units and monitor and price power Business Model

22. Outline Problem – Ocean Power Infrastructure Solution – Wave Energy Technology Business Model Competitive Analysis Market and Sales Pitch Summary and Action Timeline

23. Competitive Analysis Key Wave Energy Players (First Movers, 2nd Gen) Pelamis, OPT, WaveBob Time is Right – Global Warming, Carbon Credits Weakness - Aiming for Power to Shore Threat - Nuclear Concept Use Distributed Scalable Modules For Power at Sea Wireless Communication, Desalination (future) We can beat power from land delivered at sea

24. Outline Problem – Ocean Power Infrastructure Solution – Wave Energy Technology Business Model Competitive Analysis Areas of Expertise Market and Sales Pitch Summary

25. Areas of Expertise Hydrodynamics Offshore Engineering Turbine / Generators Power Electronics Instrumentation Distributed Controls Communications

26. Outline Problem – Ocean Power Infrastructure Solution – Wave Energy Technology Business Model Competitive Analysis Areas of Expertise Market and Sales Pitch Summary

27. Market and Sales Pitch Market Segments Navy – Seabasing, Autonomous Coastal Protection Offshore Industry – Carbon Credits Fisheries – Pump up nutrient rich water Oceanography – Instrumentation, Hurricane Recreation – Artificial Powered Floating Islands Sales Pitch (Power at Sea – New Market) Fractional cost of manned battery replacement at sea Profit Margin High - Multiples of cost to produce energy Compete with power to land as network scales and excess energy is generated.

28. Outline Problem – Ocean Power Infrastructure Solution – Wave Energy Technology Business Model Competitive Analysis Market and Sales Pitch Summary

29. Summary Expand Ocean Power Infrastructure Current Bottleneck Sustained funding • Generate and Sell Power for use at Sea • High Capital Costs (Billions *) • Distributed Development • Create Network incrementally http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_platform * Eni's Devil's Tower located in 5,610 ft (1,710 m) of water, in the Gulf of Mexico, operated by Royal Dutch Shell was built at a cost of $3 billion