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The American Civil War 1860 – 1865

The American Civil War 1860 – 1865. The Sectional Conflict Widens (1820 – 1860). Sectionalism = N/S Factory vs. Farms Immigration in the North Railroads vs. Waterways Free vs. Slave $1.5 B North vs. $155 M South GNP Balance of Power ?. The Mexican-American War 1846 - 1848.

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The American Civil War 1860 – 1865

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  1. The American Civil War1860 – 1865

  2. The Sectional Conflict Widens(1820 – 1860) • Sectionalism = N/S • Factory vs. Farms • Immigration in the North • Railroads vs. Waterways • Free vs. Slave • $1.5 B North vs. $155 M South GNP • Balance of Power?

  3. The Mexican-American War1846 - 1848

  4. The Compromise of 1850 • The Mexican War of 1846-1848 increased the size of the USA. • Henry Clay (KY) proposed: • CA be admitted as a free state • NM and UT would vote on slavery • Slave trade abolished in D.C. • Fugitive Slave Law of 1850

  5. Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) • Authored by Harriet Beecher Stowe • Described the cruelties of slavery • Only the Bible sold more copies during the era

  6. Bleeding Kansas! (1854 – 1856) • Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) opened territories • Free-soilers vs.Border Ruffians vied for control • Abolitionist John Brown kills 5 pro slavers in KS • Violence spreads to the Senate floor as Senator Charles Sumner is caned

  7. John Brown Returns! • Oct. 1859 Brown comes out of hiding • Harpers Ferry, VA- attacks a federal arsenal with the hope of starting a slave rebellion • Sentenced to death by hanging • He became a martyr

  8. Exit Slip – A Nation Divided! • T or F – California entered the Union as a free state the result of the Compromise of 1850. • T or F - Harriet Tubman wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin. • T or F – “Bleeding Kansas” refers to the violence that broke out in Kansas over slavery. • T or F – The abolitionist John Brown was found not guilty of treason by a sympathetic jury that was anti-slavery.

  9. The Election of 1860 • 1854 – Republican Party formed • 1859 – John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry and execution • Democratic Party Split N and S • Lincoln wins with 40% of popular vote

  10. Secession! South Carolina leaves on Dec. 20, 1860 and 6 others follow to CSA by 1861.

  11. Lincoln Takes Office • March 4, 1861 – President Lincoln took a firm, but conciliatory tone toward the South. • He didn’t want to bother slavery where it existed, but he did want to stop it from spreading into the territories. • He pledged to preserve the Union - #1 Goal!

  12. Southern War Strategy • After Fort Sumter (April 12, 1861) 4 more states joined the CSA. • The CSA Generals and President Davis planned a defensive war. • CSA hoped Europe would aid and had better leadership.

  13. Northern War Strategy • The Union developed a strategy called the Anaconda Plan. They hoped to: • Blockade all Southern Ports • Control the Mississippi River and divide the CSA in half • Capture and occupy the Confederate capital of Richmond, VA

  14. From Bull Run to Antietam • July 21, 1861 – “Stonewall” Jackson rallies CSA at Bull Run, VA • Union General U.S. Grant wins costly US victory at Shiloh, TN on April 6-7, 1861 • CSA General R.E. Lee achieved a draw at Antietam, MD Sept. 17, 1862 • Stalemate in the East!

  15. The Emancipation Proclamation • Issued Fall 1862 and effective Jan. 1, 1863 • Freed all slaves in areas of the U.S. still under CSA control • Although it was criticized by some, it meant the war would end slavery if Union indeed won

  16. Exit Slip – The Civil War Begins • How many electoral votes did President Lincoln receive in the South? a. 34 b. 21 c. 13 d. 0 • Which side planned a defensive war? a. Union b. Confederacy c. Mexico • At the end of 1862 __________. a. the Union was winning b. the Confederacy was winning c. both sides were locked in a stalemate • This act by President Lincoln freed all slaves in states of the Confederacy not under Union rule? a. Emancipation Proclamation b. 3/5 Compromise c. 13th Amendment d. Homestead Act

  17. 1863: The Turning Point • July 1-3, 1863 – Lee leads Army of N.VA North to PA • 23,000 Union and 28,000 CSA casualties at Gettysburg, PA • Lee would never invade Union again • July 4, 1863 – Grant takes Vicksburg on Mississippi River

  18. Sherman’s March to the Sea and Total Warfare • Sept. 2, 1864 – Gen. Sherman captures Atlanta, GA • Marches to Savannah, GA – 300 mile-long and 50 mile-wide swath of destruction • Turns north in Dec. 1864 to meet Grant • Civilians and slaves suffer immensely

  19. The Election of 1864 • Capture of Atlanta and “Bayonet Voters” aid Lincoln • He was opposed by ex-General George McClellan – a peace candidate • Lincoln and Andrew Johnson (VP and Democrat) won 212/233 electoral votes

  20. Lee Surrenders! April 9, 1865 • Richmond, the CSA capital, was in ruins • President Davis and officials fled from Grant • Lee was humble and Grant was very generous at Appomattox, VA • 640,047 Union and 483,026 CSA casualties of war

  21. Lincoln is Assassinated! • John Wilkes Booth, an actor, plotted to kidnap Lincoln and others • April 14, 1865 at Ford’s Theatre he shoots Lincoln • Booth is later killed near Port Royal, VA • Four of ten co-conspirators were hanged

  22. Exit Slip – The Civil War • Who was the commander of all Confederate forces after 1862? a. Longstreet b. Bragg c. Lee • This battle of July 1863 was turning point of the Civil War? a. Antietam b. Gettysburg c. Chickamauga • This city was totally destroyed during Sherman’s March? a. Atlanta b. Savannah c. Charleston • Which side won the Civil War? a. Union b. Confederacy c. It was a draw

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