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Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy. Luke VanNatter Carrie Pell Amy Richwine Scott Inskeep Kristina Anderson. BSE - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy “MAD COW DISEASE”. What is it?

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Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

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  1. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Luke VanNatter Carrie Pell Amy Richwine Scott Inskeep Kristina Anderson

  2. BSE - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy“MAD COW DISEASE” • What is it? • Transmissible, slowly progressive, degenerative, fatal disease affecting the central nervous system of adult cattle • It is characterized by a long incubation period of up to several years (3-8), during which there is no visible incubation of the disease • It is invariable fatal; there is no known treatment of cure • No test can detect prions in a live animal

  3. When BSE first occurred in cattle… • First identified in the UK in 1986 • Peaked in the UK in January 1993 at almost 1000 new cases per week • The UK has reported more than 180,000 total cases of BSE and about 1,800 cases have been found elsewhere in the Europe

  4. How BSE first occurred in cattle… • Rendered feed ingredients contaminated with an infectious agent are believed to be the source of BSE infection in cattle • Some of the feed given to cattle includes ingredients processed from remnants of slaughtered animals, such as meat-and-bone meal, which may harbor the agent that causes BSE

  5. Causes • A prion is the most likely cause of B.S.E. A prion is a small protein-like material that incorporates itself into the hosts’ DNA and changes the structure of the alpha-helix. • It is believed B.S.E. was begun by feeding scrapie-infected sheep offal to cattle.

  6. Symptoms • Increased apprehension • Poor coordination • Difficulties walking • Weight loss • Agitation • Nervousness

  7. Multiple Forms • B.S.E. is related to a group of diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. • CJD • Kuru • Scrapie • TME, CWD, and FSE

  8. Prevention • Stop the feeding of rendered animal products to other animals. • Put bans on importation of animals from infected countries. • Establish high monitoring systems.

  9. What is the U.S. doing to Prevent BSE? • On July 1989, a ban on importation of live ruminants into the U.S. from United Kingdom was enforced. • Other regulatory methods have been established to prevent importing live animals and meat products from infected and “high risk” countries.

  10. What is the U.S. doing to Prevent BSE? • On August 4, 1997, the Food and Drug Administration developed regulations to prevent the feeding of mammalian proteins to ruminants

  11. How is the U.S. Monitoring? • The U.S. has done monitoring on cattle in 42 states and has found zero traces of BSE. • Since 1990, there have been 1,250,880,700 cattle raised in the U.S. • Since 1990, 11,700 cattle brains have been checked for BSE.

  12. Percent Tested in U.S. 11,700 1,250,880,700 X 100% = .000935%

  13. Infected and “High Risk” Countries • United Kingdom • Western Europe • Oman • Romania • Japan

  14. Control in the UK • Feed ban • Selective Slaughter • Surveillance Program • Export ban

  15. The End

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