Chapter 15

1. Chapter 15

2. Nullification Crisis • Many people against Tariff • In SC wore ill fitting homespun to protest • Unionists vs. Nullies fighting in SC 1832 new tariff passed, lowered, but not enough

3. 1832 election in SC • Nullies won control of state congress • Declared the existing tariff to be null and void in SC • Threatened to secede if DC tried to collect duties by force

4. Jackson’s response to null • Hated Calhoun and privately said he would hang them • Ready to send army and navy • Needed a compromise

5. Clays Compromise of 1832/3 • Clay does not want to destroy union • Comprise Bill of 33 • Passed but protested by NE, did not like 10% cut • Force Bill: Authorized Congress to use military to collect taxes • No other southerners come to cause • Columbia Convention met again and repealed nullification, but nullified the force act and adjourned

6. Not a clear victory • SC repealed and union saved • SC semi victorious • Forced reduction of tariff • Did not surrender principal • Even a victory ball

7. The Bank as a Football • AJ not hate banks • Distrusted big ones • May have Okd BUS if they would have waited • Clay pushed too early in 32

8. Clay hoped to have AJ sign a new bank and alienate W • AJ vetoed when passed Congress • AJ ignored McCulloch v. Maryland

9. Jackson said bank anti western and anti American • Said too connected to Britain through investors • Causing a W over E split

10. AJ squashed bank and made more power for pres • Jackson vetoed 12 times, all presidents combined up to that point = 10

11. Was Jackson right? • Bank had proven anti western • Was a monopoly • Plutocratic • Hydra of Corruption? Some truth • Lending money to Congressmen • Hard to hope they will vote against decisions

12. Positives • Financially sound • Got rid of wildcat banks • Reduced failures • Provide credit = sound credit from other countries • Safe place for US money

13. 1832 election • Clay v. Jackson • Anti Masonic ran • Anti Jackson since he was a member -got support from protestant groups

14. Conventions made scene • Adopting platforms • Nationals had more money • Got aid from BUS and Biddle • Webster too • But not enough in end

15. The Bank • After election, AJ figured mandate from people • Felt he could do what he wanted • Removed Federal money from Bank • Cut off future deposits

16. Created pet banks in the states to hold money • Biddle had to call in loans to pay debts • Some banks failed

17. The west started printing wildcat money to make up for failed banks • Jackson issued Specie Circular: all public land bought with hard money • Created bad feeling in West

18. Moving the Natives • US population growing and moving • 1830 13 million • 125000 Natives east of Miss 1820s • US gov looked at them as separate nations and made treaties for land

19. Strong belief that the Natives should be “Civilized” • Society for Propagating the Gospel Among Indians • Gov. dedicated funds to literacy and training

20. Cherokees of Georgia tried to accommodate • Became farmers • Instituted a Legal code and language • Some even became Slave owners

21. 1828 Georgia says Cherokee tribal council illegal • Tried to evict • SC said no • AJ said “Get out” • Said “Let Marshall enforce it!”

22. Jackson raised an adopted Indian boy • Claimed he was moving them for their protection • Led to 100,000 moved • 1830 Indian Removal Act

23. Move all Indians West of Miss • Trail of Tears • Moved to Oklahoma • Bureau of Indian Affairs started in 1836 • Peace only lasted 15 years

24. Not all Indians move peacefully • Black Hawk war: Indians in Illinois and Wisconsin fought • Crushed by troops including Jefferson Davis and Abe Lincoln

25. Florida • Seminoles • Fought from swamps • 1835-42 Guerrilla War • 1837 ended we captured Osceola under flag of truce • Still fought, but done after this

26. Texas • America looks to Texas • Mexicans had defeated Spain and now had a lot of land, but no one to make it work • 1823 land grant to Stephen Austin

27. Americans could come if: • They would be Catholic • No Slavery • Eventually become Mexican

28. People fled to Texas • GTT • Sam Houston, Davy Crockett, and, James Bowie • Many were individualists and do not like to be pushed around

29. 1833 Austin goes to Mexico to talk about the slavery issue, and held there for 8 months • 1835 Santa Anna wiped out local rights and began to raise an army

30. 1836 Declared independence • Lone Star Flag • Alamo, led by Travis • Goliad • News of two battles sweep up north and bring people a’ runnin’

31. Houston led smaller force and held on • Battle of San Jacinto • Houston snuck in with smaller force during siesta • Forced Santa Anna to surrender

32. What to do with Texas? • Bad feelings between Mexico and Texas • AJ did not know what to do • He wanted Texas, but did not want the Slavery issue • Worried about getting Van Buren elected

33. Texas wanted to be part of US • Slavery was a big issue • Would keep Texas out

34. 1836 Election • Democratic Republicans have become Democrats • New Party Whigs came on scene • Hatred of Jackson united it • Clay and Calhoun tried to censure Jackson in 34

35. Ran many different candidates • Hope to cause a house decision • William Henry Harrison was the favorite

36. Demos pick Van Buren • AJ thought about third term • AJ • Strengthened presidency • United party • Spoils system • Killed BUS

37. Van Buren’s Woes • 1st to be born under US flag • Myth of mediocrity • Machine candidate • Some Demos not thrilled by him • He was “Not” Jackson

38. Faced problems • 1837 rebellion in Canada • Slavery • Texas • Depression

39. Depression and Treasury • 1837 panic • Caused by over speculation • Bank war • Specie Circular • Wheat prices • Started before AJ left, blew up under Van Buren

40. British banks failed • Called in loans to US • Banks in US collapsed • Pet banks failed • Factories closed • Chain reaction

41. Whigs proposals were not listened to • Van Buren followed AJ’s plan of no govt. interference in economy • Proposed Divorce Bill

42. Divorce Bill • Divorce gov from bank all together • Independent Treasury • Lock surplus money away • Not part of money system, so no loans • Passed in 1840, repealed by Whigs next year, then brought back in 46 until Fed. Reserve

43. Tippecanoe and Little Van • 1840 • Harrison vs. Van Buren • Harrison • Living in mansion • No real political views known • No platform given • Made fun of as a log cabin, cider drinking past • Whigs used image to their advantage

44. Harrison actually FFV • Whigs attacked Van Buren for being uppity • Flying Dutchman • Made to be aristocrat

45. Election and two party system • Real grass roots and slogan filled campaign • Harrison won • Protest vote

46. Two Party • AJ led to increased dependency of two party system • Demos and Whigs grew from Jeffersonian Republicans

47. Whigs: • Natural harmony of society • Community • Did not like leaders who appealed to self interest like Jackson did • New bank • Tariffs • Internal improvements • Schools • Moral reforms: slavery and prohibition

48. Democrats • States rights and federal restraint

49. Both parties were catch all parties • Had to appeal to a lot of people • Kept the sectional problems from rising up faster