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Final Clinical Chemistry-1 Revision

Allied Medical Science Clinical chemistry-1 (MLCC-301). Final Clinical Chemistry-1 Revision. Dr Maha Abubaker Feissal Dr Hadeel said MD clinical hematopathology Lecturers. REVISION I. REVISION –PART I. LECTURE -1 DIABETES Classify and enumerate types of diabetes?

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Final Clinical Chemistry-1 Revision

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  1. Allied Medical Science Clinical chemistry-1 (MLCC-301) Final Clinical Chemistry-1 Revision Dr Maha Abubaker Feissal Dr Hadeel said MD clinical hematopathology Lecturers

  2. REVISION I

  3. REVISION –PART I • LECTURE -1 DIABETES • Classify and enumerate types of diabetes? • Enumerate diabetic function tests? • What are the results of urine analysis in diabetes? • Define different types of blood glucose and what is the normal and diabetic values? • OGTT : uses and sample preparation? • Differentiate between C-peptide in 2 types of DM? • What is the value of HbA1C to diagnose a diabetic pateints? • Enumerate 4 criteria for diagnosis of DM?

  4. REVISION –PART I • LECTURE -2 Urine analysis: • What is the criteria of appropriate urine container? • What is the criteria of rejected urine sample? • Enumerate types of urine samples? • List the way of urine preservation? • Enumerate physical examination of urine and the normal ? • Enumerate chemical examination of urine and the confirmatory tests? • What items to searched for in microscopic examination of urine? • List the different types of casts? • Identify types of crystals in alkaline and acidic urine samples?

  5. BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS PART II • The sample of CSF is collected in … tubes for ….,….,…. & … examination? • What is the physical character of normal CSF? • Differentiate between CSF sample from traumatic tap and intracranial haemorrhage? • Mention the causes of decreased glucose level in CSF? • Mention the causes of increased protein level in CSF? • Mention the lights criteria to differentiate exudate & transduate pleural fluid ? • Enumerate pleural fluid types? • What is SAAG calculation? • In normal synovial fluid there is no ….; the presence of …. in the synovial fluid indicates gout while the presence of …. indicates pseudogout.

  6. VITAMINS • Define vitamins? • Mention three functions of vitamins? • Compare between water & fat soluble vitamins? • Mention the 2 forms of Vitamin A and the signs of its deficiency? • Mention the 2 forms of Vitamin D &its deficiency in children and adult ? • Vitamin E is an …. And its deficiency cause …..? • Mention the two forms of vitamin K & where are found? • Vitamin K is needed in the activation of certain ….? • Mention the functions of vitamin C & the disease of its deficiency? • Vitamin B1 deficiency cause …. While vitamin B3 cause …..? • Folic acid is necessary for …… production and ….. Formation? • Vitamin B12 deficiency causes …..& ……. • Examples of water soluble vitamins….&….and example of fat soluble vitamins….&….?

  7. LIVER (I) • Enumarate three functions of the liver? • Describe mechanisms of liver dysfunction? • Mention 4 markers of liver dysfunction? • Mention the markers of hepatocellular injury? • Mention the method to measure total protein and albumin? • Mention two causes of decrease albumin? • Enumrate the 4 groups of globulin? • Mention the causes of increases alpha fetoprotein? • Mention the function of haptoglobin ? • Bilirubin is derived from … and it is …. ;So its sample should be kept in the dark? • Mention the tests used to measure bilirubin? • Mention the two types of bilirubin? • In pre hepatic jaundice (hemolytic) …..bilirubin is increased while in post hepatic jaundice ….. Bilirubin is increased?

  8. REVISION II

  9. Liver function Part II • What is the source of ammonia and discuss its metabolism? • Enumerate effect increased level of ammonia on CNS? • Enumerate two hepatic intracellular enzymes and what is the normal ratio between them? • Demonstrate which of the two liver enzymes more specific and why? • Tabulate the laboratory investigations of each type of jaundice?

  10. Liver function Part II Complete: • Ammonia level provides indications of hepatic ……………… and ……………… ability of liver. • Hepatic enzymes like ………..&…………. are usually intracellular, but are released from ……………. with hepatocellular injury. • AST/ALT ratio is normally ……… but In alcoholic hepatitis, is usually ……….. • ………… is not very specific for liver disease like………. • the other name of ALT is ………and of AST is…………… • Alkaline phosphatase can found in liver ,………and………….

  11. Liver function Part II Complete: • High level of alkaline phosphatase can found in ……………..jaundice. • In liver diseases, GGT elevation parallels that of …… • Elevated PT may be reflection of ………………… of liver

  12. Renal function tests • The main functional unit of kidney is ……… • The nephron is composed of ……. and ……... • The function of the glomerulus is …….while ……& ……….are the main functions of renal tubules. • Renal threshold for glucose is …..mg/dL • Define Tubular maximum (Tm)? • What are the Causes of kidney functional disorders? • Enumerate the 4 groups of renal Function Tests?

  13. Renal function tests • Mention the biochemical tests (blood) used to detect renal disorders? • ……..is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle & it is filtered but not ……..or …….. in kidney • …….. Reaction is the method used to estimate serum creatinine while berthelos used to estimate …….. • Define uremia , • Define hyperuricemia?

  14. Renal function tests (Part II) • The normal range of GFR is……..ml/min • What is the clearance test? • Enumerate substances used for clearance test? • Mention three Criteria for an ideal GFR marker? • Clearance test = ………. • Enumerate the tubular function tests? • What is meant by renal glycosuria?

  15. Minerals • What is the importance of minerals? • Classify minerals as regards daily requirements and give examples to each? • Describe three function of calcium? • Identify what are the results of calcium deficiency and toxicity ? • Discuss the two functions of sodium and identify what is the result of its toxicity ? • enumerate function of potassium and what is the results of its toxicity? • Enumerate the function and result of toxicity of copper?

  16. Minerals Complete: • minerals are required for …………………as it regulate ………… • Minerals are classified into …………..&……………….. • Macro minerals are required in …………../day and ………….&………………are two examples of them. • Mico minerals are required in …………../day and ………….&………………are two examples of them. • Calcium is one of constituent of …………..&…………. • …………………………………..&……………………..are two functions of calcium

  17. Minerals • The two functions of sodium ………………..&…….. • The two functions of potassium are …………..&………. • calcium deficiency results in …………………..in children and…………………….in adults. • Sodium toxicity results in ………………….while potassium toxicity results in……………….. • Copper is one of …………….enzymes. Its deficiency results in……………. and its toxicity results in……………

  18. Acid Base balance • Define Acid – base – pH- Buffer – acidosis - Alkalosis? • Enumerate function of acid base balance? • Identify systems involved in regulation of acid base balance? • What are the different blood (chemical) buffer systems and why do we need them ? • Differentiate between protein and HB buffer system? • Describe the role of phosphate buffer system?

  19. Acid Base Balance • Enumerate the two physiological buffer system and discuss one of them? • Compare between the role of kidney and lungs in controlling acid base balance?

  20. Acid Base Balance Complete:- • Acid is defined as ………………………… while base is defined as………………….. • pH in acidosis is ………while in alkalosis is………. • Buffer is a combination of ………………….and/or a ………… and it resists change in ………. • Function of acid base balance is to maintain…………….&…………………. • Increased H+ concentration yields ……………..and a decreased H+ concentration yields ………………..

  21. Acid Base Balance Complete:- • First line of defense against pH shift is blood buffers and they include …………,…………….and………….. • Second line of defense against pH shift is physiological buffer and they include ………………& ………….. • Protein buffer system originates from……….and it buffer both …………&……………. • HB maintains blood pH as hemoglobin changes from ……………….. to …………………..

  22. Acid Base Balance Complete:- • Phosphate buffer has a role in elimination of H+ via ……………..and is essential within …………… • Respiratory system eliminate …………respiratory acids such as………… and it takes minutes to hours to correct ………….. • kidney can eliminate ………………and excrete …………….as well and it takes several hours to days to correct …………..

  23. THANK YOU

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