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Pervasive 2002 Zurich Switzerland Pervasive Computing: It’s All About Network Services

Pervasive 2002 Zurich Switzerland Pervasive Computing: It’s All About Network Services. Randy H. Katz The United Microelectronics Corporation Distinguished Professor Computer Science Division, EECS Department University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-1776 USA

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Pervasive 2002 Zurich Switzerland Pervasive Computing: It’s All About Network Services

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  1. Pervasive 2002Zurich SwitzerlandPervasive Computing:It’s All About Network Services Randy H. Katz The United Microelectronics Corporation Distinguished Professor Computer Science Division, EECS Department University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-1776 USA randy@cs.Berkeley.edu

  2. New PervasiveNetworking Opportunity • New things you can do inside the network • Connecting end-points to “services” with processing embedded in the network fabric • Not protocols but “agents” well-specified behavior, executing in places in the network • Layer violation to enhance awareness acceptable: location, network topology, data format, protocol, subscriber identify, service in execution • Scalable session and flow-oriented processing: measuring, monitoring, billing, prioritizing • No single technical architecture likely to dominate: think overlays, system of systems

  3. Network Services: Communications

  4. Network Services: Access

  5. New Kind of Communications-Oriented Service Architecture • Emerging, still developing, in a highly heterogeneous environment • Rapid development/deployment of new services & apps • Delivered to radically diverse end devices (phone, computer, info appliance) over diverse access networks (PSTN, LAN, Wireless, Cellular, DSL, Cable, Satellite) • Exploiting Internet-based technology core: clients/server, applications level routers, TCP/IP protocols, Web/XML formats • Beyond traditional “call processing” model: client-proxy-server plus application-level partitioning • New business model emerging: tension between traditional “managed” networks and services vs. “overlays” on top and services outside • Composition via cooperation or brokering to achieve enhanced performance and reliability

  6. Presentation Outline • Inevitability of Heterogeneity • Service Composition via Cooperation, Brokering, Peering, Overlays • An Approach to a New Service Architecture • A New Pervasive Networking Research Agenda

  7. Presentation Outline • Inevitability of Heterogeneity • Service Composition via Cooperation, Brokering, Peering, Overlays • An Approach to a New Service Architecture • A New Research Agenda

  8. 93 Million Internet Computers Today’s Internet Internet Users 407 Million Automobiles 663 Million Telephones 1.5 Billion X-Internet Electronic Chips 30 Billion “X-Internet” Beyond the PC Forrester Research, May 2001

  9. Millions PC Internet X Internet Year “X-Internet” Beyond the PC Forrester Research, May 2001

  10. Siemens SL45i Ericsson T68 Shape of Things Now:Ever More Sophisticated Phones • Phone w/voice command, voice dialing, intelligent text for short msgs • MP3 player + headset, digital voice recorder • “Mobile Internet” with a built-in WAP Browser • Java-enabled, over the air programmable • Bluetooth + GPRS • Enhanced displays + embedded cameras

  11. Shape of Things Now:New Converged Products • Phone + Messenger + PDA Combinations • E.g., Blackberry 5810 Wireless Phone/Handheld • Integration of PDA + Telephone • PLUS Gateway to Internet and Enterprise applications • 1900 MHz GSM/GPRS (Euroversion at 900 Mhz) • SMS Messaging, Internet access • QWERTY Keyboard, 20 line display • JAVA applications capable • 8 MB flash + 1 MB SRAM

  12. Locator Systems = GPS + 2-Way Messaging

  13. Shape of Things to Come: Sensor Networks • Embedded processing, time synchronization mechanisms, real-time event handling, multihop network routing, application development tools and environments

  14. Environmental Sensing:Sensor-to-Remote Researcher • Great Duck Island • Remote investigation of microhabitats • David Culler, Alan Mainwaring, Intel Berkeley Laboratories

  15. Information Appliances: Many computers per person, MEMs, CCDs, LCDs, connectivity Information Appliances: Scaled down desktops, e.g., CarPC, PdaPC, etc. Revolution Evolution Evolved Desktops Servers: Integrated with comms infrastructure; Lots of computing in small footprint Servers: Scaled-up Desktops, Millennium Mem BANG! Display Smart Spaces Disk Camera Mem Display Display Display mProc Camera Smart Sensors Disk Keyboard Information Utility mProc Server, Mem, Disk Computing Revolution WAN PC Evolution Devices in the eXtreme

  16. Pervasive Computing = “Convergence”Via Services in the Network • Not just about gadgets or access technologies, which are becoming ever more diverse • But services and applications,and how the net can best support them anywhere, anytime • Bottlenecks are near the edge, not the core • Enabled by: • Computing embedded in communications fabric: distributed, wide-area, topology-aware • Per session characterization, processing, prioritization, monitoring, management, billing

  17. Presentation Outline • Inevitability of Heterogeneity • Service Composition via Cooperation, Brokering, Peering, Overlays • An Approach to a New Service Architecture • A New Research Agenda

  18. Cable Modem Premises- based AccessNetworks LAN Transit Net LAN LAN Private Peering Premises- based Core Networks Transit Net WLAN WLAN Internet Datacenter NAP Analog WLAN Transit Net Public Peering DSLAM Operator- based RAS Regional Wireline Regional Cell H.323 Data Cell Data H.323 Cell PSTN Voice Voice Putting it Together: Connectivity and Processing

  19. Multi-Party Administered World: Agile or Fragile? • Baltimore Tunnel Fire, 18 July 2001 • “… The fire also damaged fiber optic cables, slowing Internet service across the country, …” • “… Keynote Systems … says the July 19 Internet slowdown was not caused by the spreading of Code Red. Rather, a train wreck in a Baltimore tunnel that knocked out a major UUNet cable caused it.” • “PSINet, Verizon, WorldCom and AboveNet were some of the bigger communications companies reporting service problems related to ‘peering,’ methods used by Internet service providers to hand traffic off to others in the Web's infrastructure. Traffic slowdowns were also seen in Seattle, Los Angeles and Atlanta, possibly resulting from re-routing around the affected backbones.” • “The fire severed two OC-192 links between Vienna, VA and New York, NY as well as an OC-48 link from, D.C. to Chicago. … Metromedia routed traffic around the fiber break, relying heavily on switching centers in Chicago, Dallas, and D.C.”

  20. “The Network Effect” • Creating and deploying new services • Development and deployment expense • Cost of 3G licenses and networks • “Even if I had $1 billion and set up 1000s of locations, I could never in my network have a completely ubiquitous footprint.”—Sky Dayton, founder of Boingo • Achieving desirable end-to-end properties • Control of the end-to-end path • Evolving network services • Difficult to change global operational infrastructure • Approach: Peering, Composition, Overlays • Needed: a service architecture that supports this

  21. New Primary Transit PeeringPolicy-Based Routing • Multi-homing • Reliability of network connectivity • Traffic discrimination Primary Transit Network End Network Berkeley Campus Dorm Traffic Alternative Transit Network Research Traffic Fail-over Peer Network Peer Network Peer Network Peer Networks CalREN

  22. Operator A GGSN GPRS Peering Network Operator C BG BG DNS DNS DNS DNS DNS R R DNS GRX GPRS Peering Network R DNS .gprs R R R SGSN GRX GRX R R R R R GRX Operator C Operator B BG DNS BG R R DNS SGSN SGSN Compositionfor GPRS Transit • eXchanges • Aicent, Belgacom, Cable & Wireless, Carrier1, Comfone/Infonet, Deutsche Telekom, Ebone, Energis, France Telecom, Global Crossing, KPNQwest, Sonera/Equant, Telecom Italia, Telenor, Telia, Telecommunications Services Inc, WorldCom Per Johannson, Ericsson Research

  23. Administrative domain Administrative domain Admin domain Admin domain Admin domain OverlaysCreating New Interdomain Services • Deploy new services above the routing layer • E.g., interdomain multicast management and peering • E.g., alternative connectivity for performance, resilience Isolated Intra-cloud service Traditional unicast peering Steve McCanne

  24. OverlaysBrokered Resources for Applications • Examples: • Multicast management and peering at application level • Implement performance qualities at overlay level Steve McCanne

  25. Composition and Cooperation:Mobile Virtual Network Operator MVNO has everything but its own physical network

  26. VPN Operator, Client-Software Private Brand Net Operator (MVNO) WISP Aggregator Single Sign-on Unified Billing SLN Aggregator Revenue Sharing Full Service Network Operator Full Service Network Operator Single Location Network Operator (SLN) Single Location Network Operator (SLN) Single Location Network Operator (SLN) Full Service Network Operator Premises-based Access Cooperative Networking Composition of Wireless Infrastructure Services Billing, ECommerce Authentication Inter-site Mobility

  27. “Mobile Internet Edge” Content optimization, policy-based filtering, security & authentication, session/content/location/subscriber-aware HW supports scaled monitoring/measurement for allocation of resources, network management, charging, …

  28. Presentation Outline • Inevitability of Heterogeneity • Service Composition via Cooperation, Brokering, Peering, Overlays • An Approach to a New Service Architecture • A New Research Agenda

  29. SAHARA Project Service Architecture for Heterogeneous Access Resources and Applications

  30. JAL Restaurant Guide Service NTTDoCoMo UI Babblefish Translator Zagat Guide User Sprint Tokyo User Salt LakeCity Scenario: ServiceComposition

  31. Service Composition • New mechanisms, techniques for end-to-end services w/ desirable, predictable, enforceable properties spanning potentially distrusting service providers • Tech architecture for service composition & inter-operation across separate admin domains, supporting peering & brokering, and diverse business, value-exchange, access-control models • Functional elements • Service discovery • Service-level agreements • Service composition under constraints • Redirection to a service instance • Performance measurement infrastructure • Constraints based on performance, access control, accounting/billing/settlements • Service modeling and verification

  32. Negotiation & control path Service Service Service Data flow Negotiation & control path Broker Service Service Service Data flow Service Composition Models • Cooperative • Individual component service providers interact, with distributed responsibility, providing end-to-end composed service • Brokered • Broker uses functionalities provided by underlying service providers, encapsulates these to compose an end-to-end service

  33. Service Composition Layered Reference Model for Service Composition End-User Applications Applications Services Application Plane Middleware Services End-to-End Network With Desirable Properties Enhanced Paths Connectivity Plane Enhanced Links IP Network

  34. Technical Themes • Trust management and behavior verification • Meet promised functionality, performance, availability • Adapting to network dynamics • Actively respond to shifting server-side workloads and network congestion, based on pervasive monitoring & measurement • Awareness of network topology to drive service selection • Adapting to user dynamics • Resource allocation responsive to client-side workload variations • Resource provisioning and management • Service allocation and service placement • Interoperability across multiple service providers • Interworking across similar services deployed by different providers

  35. Presentation Outline • Inevitability of Heterogeneity • Service Composition via Cooperation, Brokering, Peering, Overlays • An Approach to a New Service Architecture • A New Research Agenda

  36. Overlays to Deploy Disruptive Services in Existing Networks • How can overlays be exploited for greater network resilience and performance? • Faults be better isolated and diagnosed? • Abstractions of topology and performance? • Placement, Paths, and Load Balancing • Server (“Application Level Router”) Placement • For scaling, reliability, load balancing, latency • Where? Network topology discovery: WAN Core, Metro/Regional, Access Networks • Choice of Inter-Server “Paths” • For server-to-server latency/bandwidth/loss rate • Predictable/verifiable network performance (intra-ISP SLA) • Redirection Mechanisms • Random, round-robin, load-informed redirection • Net vs. server as bottleneck

  37. Placement of Intelligence in the Network • Is the end-to-end model still the right conceptual framework? • Composition via Brokering and Cooperation • Separation of Service, Server, Service Path • Assume “Server Centers” known, can be “discovered” or register with a Service Placement Service (SPS) • How is Service named, described, performance constraints expressed, and registered? • How is app/service-specific performance measured and made known to Service Placement Service? • Service Appliances at the MIE • How to exploit per-user session characterization and pervasive measurement and monitoring?

  38. Pervasive Computing = Pervasive Communications and Processing • Increasing diversity of interconnected devices • Increasing importance of “services” to mitigate diversity and to provide new functionality and customization • Enabled by processing embedded in the network interconnect, locally and globally • “Active networking” is real • Global services realized through managed composition • Recognition of the role of multiple service providers and administrative domains • Separation of services from connectivity via overlays • No single operator deploys the global service

  39. Pervasive 2002Pervasive Computing:It’s All About Network ServicesRandy H. KatzQuestions Please!

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