190 likes | 316 Views
BA 471 Management Information Systems. Hardware Basics. Hardware Basics. Computer Systems Hardware Software Databases (or files) Telecommunications Networks. Hardware Basics. Purpose of hardware Input Processing Storage Output. Hardware Basics. Why you need to know this
E N D
BA 471Management InformationSystems Hardware Basics
Hardware Basics • Computer Systems • Hardware • Software • Databases (or files) • Telecommunications • Networks
Hardware Basics • Purpose of hardware • Input • Processing • Storage • Output
Hardware Basics • Why you need to know this • Decide / approve what to purchase • Participate in evaluations • Evaluation criteria: • Performance • Cost • Complexity (maintainability) • Viability (“upgradeability,” future plans)
Hardware Basics - Components • CPU – • Physically: digital circuits on chips • Consists of: • Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) • Control unit • Registers • Memory
Hardware Basics - Components • CPU ALU CONTROL UNIT REGISTER MEMORY
Hardware Basics - Components • This is not a CPU!
Hardware Basics - Components • What a CPU does: Execute Instructions • Two phases • Instruction phase • Execution phase
Hardware Basics - Components • Instruction Phase • Fetch instructions – literally, get program instructions and data • Decode instructions – literally, interpret instructions and pass to execution unit • Execution Phase • Execute - Calculate, evaluate, compare • Store results
Hardware Basics - Components Process Input Output FETCH, DECODE EXECUTE, STORE ALU CONTROL UNIT REGISTER MEMORY
Hardware Basics - Components • Every time an instruction phase and execution phase completes, that’s a Machine Cycle • Performance element
Hardware Basics - Components • How long does a Machine Cycle take? MicrosecondNanosecondPico second • MIPS = Millions of Instructions Per Second
Hardware Basics - Components • “Co-lo” • “MIPS in a rack” • “MIPS on the floor”
Hardware Basics - Components Process Input Output FETCH, DECODE EXECUTE, STORE --- Machine Cycle -- ~ ~ “Clock time”~ ~ ALU CONTROL UNIT REGISTER MEMORY
Hardware Basics - Components • Speed: “Clock time” = frequency of electronic pulses • Performance element • Microcode • Performance element
Hardware Basics - Components Mark 1 (1940s) IBM 360 Console
Hardware Basics - Components Admiral Grace Hopper (1906-1992) Pioneer in Computing
Hardware Basics - Components • Bits, bytes, hexadecimal • Word length: How many bits a cpu can process at one time • Performance element
Hardware Basics - Components • Memory • ROM v. RAM • Secondary Storage • Tape • Disk (direct access) • Optical • DVD • Flash • Removable/Expandable