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ECE 497 Capstone Design Will Barrett Asato Tashiro Adam Anderson. Purpose of the System. The purpose is to create a scanning system to determine the location and size of metal fragments in a medium density fiber panel. Background Information.
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ECE 497Capstone DesignWill Barrett Asato Tashiro Adam Anderson
Purpose of the System • The purpose is to create a scanning system to determine the location and size of metal fragments in a medium density fiber panel.
Background Information • The Weapons Integration & Development Directorate of the US Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development, & Engineering Center performs a variety of munitions and warhead test programs • Known as the “AMRDEC” • Patrick Taylor is our sponsor • They use bundles of fiber panels to capture shrapnel from the explosions • Each bundle is then searched BY HAND to recover fragments, tabulate the X/Y position, and mass for each panel • The panel location is used to determine the depth of the fragment
Background Information (cont’d) • The process can take up to 100 man hours PER PANEL • Each bundle could require up to 96 panels, or 9600 man-hours per bundle • Removal is done outside on the test range • Personnel have to be in protective clothing • Fragments are bagged by weight • Fragments have to be cleaned and decontaminated for safe handling • Fragments are typically steel, but some tests use titanium or aluminum • Data derived from the analysis is tabulated in a spreadsheet format, with the fragment designation, count, bundle and panel number, X/Y location, and size/weight
Fragment Set Weight Distribution STEEL WARHEAD FRAGMENT SET FOR FRAG BUNDLE SCANNER TESTING
Project Objective • Automate analysis procedures to the maximum degree feasible • Analysis of X/Y location goal is 15 minutes/panel • Portability – system can be setup by 1 person • Battery operated equipment is desirable
Measurement Parameters • X/Y resolution of .5” • Minimum fragment detection of .25g
Approach • Demonstrate a proof-of-concept capability that can be scaled up at a later time • Use commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment to produce a gray-scale image of the fragments contained in a panel • Process image to identify the centroid of each fragment and X/Y location • Output .csv file with the fragment location data
COTS Imaging Systems • Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) • Industrial Radiography
What is Ground Penetrating Radar? • GPR is a non-destructive imaging method that uses radar pulses to image the subsurface • The radar pulses used are in the microwave band of the radio spectrum
How does GPR work? • GPR is similar to a metal detector • The GPR system sends out thousands of RF frequency pulses into the ground • The frequencies that are reflected back return to the antennae • Frequency analysis of the reflected RF energy allows correlation of different material compositions in the subsurface
Typical Applications • Pipe Locating • Archeology • IED Locating (Improvised Explosive Devices) • Quality control of reinforced concrete
Benefits of GPR • Usable in the field • Man-Portable • Battery operated • Integrated imaging process • Cost beneficial • Low start-up • Easy operation • Low maintenance
What is Industrial Radiography • Industrial Radiography is also a non-destructive detection method which utilizes X-rays and gamma rays to view materials
How Industrial Radiography Works • Similar to medical radiography, Industrial radiography uses an X-ray source to bombard a sample with high-energy radiation onto a film or a digital detector • This creates a 2D image of the different materials in the sample.
Radiography Components • Source
Typical Applications • Security • Medical Imaging • Non-Destructive Testing • Castings • Welds
Medical X-Ray Radiography X-Ray Source Imaging Surface
Benefits of Industrial Radiography • Extremely accurate • Detects and categorizes different metals • Years of precedents have been set
Simulated Fragment Panel Analysis • We scanned a random sample of shrapnel pieces • Used Photoshop to render a black and white image • Used program Pixcavator 6.0 to analyze .tif file for information on size, X/Y location, thickness, length, etc. • Information is exported to an excel spreadsheet for analysis
Program Plan • Contact vendors • Image dummy panels using radiography and GPR • Utilize 2D images for image processing study • Image Processing Approach • 2D grayscale image can be processed using MATLAB to determine the centroid and area of each fragment • Tabulate fragments by area and X/Y location
Current Status • Dummy panels have been fabricated • They will be shipped/delivered to USRadar, Hayes, ATS, and University Hospital this week • Start analysis of our simulated fragment panel this week