Personality

1. Personality Review Game

2. Define personality. • Our pattern of feeling, thinking and acting. (thoughts, emotions and behavior)

3. Freud • According to Freud, what is the ultimate influence in shaping personality? • Psychosexual stages

4. Freudian Theory • In Freudian theory, what is the essential conflict that resides in each individual? • Internal desires vs. societal expectations

5. Psychoanalysis • Explain the fundamental objective of Freud’s psychoanalysis. • Gain insight into one’s emotions / behavior by probing the unconscious.

6. Freud • Is Freud’s theory considered continuous or discontinuous? Explain your response. • Discontinuous: Freud believed the psychosexual stages were separate and distinct. (IOW, one ends before the next begins.)

7. Freudian Theory • Freud’s theory on personality is considered deterministic. What exactly is meant by this? • Freud argued that one’s personality was permanently established during childhood through psychosexual conflict.

8. Freud’s States of Consciousness • Identify Freud’s three states of consciousness and provide an example of each. • Conscious: any given current thought • Preconscious: memories, stored knowledge that can be accessed at any time • Unconscious: repressed thoughts: unacceptable urges, violent motives

9. How did Freud believe one could access a patient’s unconscious thoughts? Identify three. • Hypnosis, free association, dream analysis

10. Freud’s Personality Structure • Identify and briefly explain Freud’s 3 parts of personality structure. • Id: immediate gratification of urges (pleasure principle) • Ego: Executive mediator between id and superego. (seeks emotional balance) • Superego: personal morality, ideals

11. Identify Freud’s psychosexual stages.

12. Freud • Explain the Oedipus Rex Crisis. • Boy’s sexual desire for mother / threat of father (=castration anxiety) • Explain the Electra Crisis. • Girls sexual love of father / threat of mother • In Freudian theory, how do children alleviate this problem? • Identification

13. Fixation • Give two examples of an oral fixation. • Gum chewing, nail biting, overeating, smoking • In Freudian theory, what two conditions generally result from anal fixations? • Retentive, expulsive

14. Defense Mechanisms Provide an example for each of the following Freudian defense mechanisms. A. Repression E. Displacement B. Regression F. Sublimation C. Reaction Formation G. Projection D. Rationalization

15. Freud • Identify any two contemporary criticisms of Freudian theory. • No empirical evidence, no predictive value, gender discriminatory • Identify any two lasting legacies of Freudian theory in the field of psychology. • Children as sexual, unconscious, early experiences in shaping behavior

16. Psychodynamic theory • Identify the two specific factors that comprise the unconscious in Jungian theory. • Personal unconscious, collective unconscious • Alfred Adler argued that this was the most influential issue in shaping the child. • Social issues Who is associated with the inferiority complex? Alfred Adler Who is associated with archetypes and complexes? Carl Jung

17. Projective Tests • What are Projective tests designed to do? • Probe the unconscious through interpreting random visuals • What Projective test has been the most commonly used assessment of the unconscious? • Rorschach Inkblot Test

18. Humanistic Psychology • Briefly explain Humanistic perspective in psychology and provide two specific characteristics. • Man is innately good / innate need to fulfill potential • Anyone has potential for actualization at any time • Free will = 3rd Force • Subjective experience and feelings • Self-concept / self esteem • Focus on health, life of fulfillment

19. Maslow • What characteristics are associated with Maslow’s Self-Actualization? • Completely knowing, accepting oneself • Open, spontaneous, loving, caring, problem centered…

20. Carl Rogers • According to Roger’s humanistic theory, what three environmental factors are critical for attaining a positive self-concept during childhood? • Genuineness, acceptance, empathy

21. Personality Inventories • Identify any three personality inventories. • Myers-Briggs, Eyesenck, MMPI

22. Personality Inventories • The Eyesenck Personality Questionnaire proposes that all people can be assesses on the basis of what two traits? • Stable, unstable, extravert, introvert • Which inventory is traditionally used to assess mental illness? • MMPI

23. Identify the Big Five personality traits.

24. Social-Cognitive • According to the social-cognitive perspective, personality is largely determined by the interaction of what two factors? • Environment and cognition

25. Albert Bandura • Albert Bandura theorized that personality was the product of what three interactive forces? • Environment, traits, behavior

26. Albert Bandura • Explain the significance of the following in relation to personality: • Reciprocal determinism • Self-efficacy

27. Locus of Control • Contrast the internal and external locus of control and explain how they impact our personality.

28. Personal Construct • Explain the Relationship: • Personal construct – view of world - personality