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Personality

Personality. Introduction Mystery of Personality? Brief class assessment of unique personality. Nature of Personality. Consistency Across Situations - Tendency to behave in certain ways across situations Distinctiveness - Each individual has his/her own distinctive set of personality traits

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Personality

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  1. Personality Introduction Mystery of Personality? Brief class assessment of unique personality

  2. Nature of Personality • Consistency Across Situations- Tendency to behave in certain ways across situations • Distinctiveness- Each individual has his/her own distinctive set of personality traits • Personality – Individuals unique collection of relatively consistent behavioral traits.

  3. Basic Personality Traits • Five Factor Model of Personality traits • McCrae and Costa belief most personality traits are derived from just five higher order traits: • 1.) Extraversion • 2.) Openness to experience • 3.) Conscientiousness • 4.) Agreeableness • 5.) Neuroticism

  4. 1.) Extraversion • How does person behave if high in extraversion? • How does person behave if low in extraversion (or is introverted)? • 2.) Openness to experience • What is someone like who is high in openness to experience? • What is someone like who is not open to experience?

  5. 3.) Conscientiousness • What is an individual like who is high in this trait? • What is a person low on this trait like? • 4.) Agreeableness • What is a person high in agreeableness like? • What is a person like who is low in agreeableness?

  6. 5.) Neuroticism • What is an individual like who is high in neuroticism? • What is an individual like who is low in neuroticism? • Class Activity: Think of a fictional character and analyze him/her/it according to the big five

  7. Dueling Personality Theories • 1.) Psychodynamic • 2.) Behavioral • 3.) Humanistic • 4.) Biological

  8. 1.) Psychodynamic • Theory founded by Sigmund Freud • Psychoanalytic theory explains personality by childhood experiences, unconscious motives, and methods used to cope with sexual and aggressive urges • Freud outlined 3 major personality components • 1.) id • 2.)ego • 3.) superego

  9. Freudian personality structure conflict • 1.) Id – primitive, instinctive part of personality • Operates according to pleasure principle (“wants”) • 2.) Ego – decision making component • Operates according to reality principle • Delay id gratification until appropriate outlet found • 3) Superego- Moral component that incorporates social standards of right and wrong • Example of how these conflict and work together

  10. Freudian belief about anxiety • We all have difficulty with anxiety • Freud believed we resort to defense mechanisms to deal with it • Defense mechanism – Largely unconscious reaction that protect a person from unpleasant emotions like anxiety • Important Defense mechanisms: • Repression • Projection • Displacement • Reaction Formation • Regression • Rationalization • Identification

  11. Defense Mechanisms • Repression – Bury any thoughts and feelings that cause anxiety • Ex • Displacement- Divert emotional feelings from original source to another • Ex • Reaction Formation – Behave in a way exactly opposite of one’s true feelings • Ex • Regression – Revert to immature or childish behavior • ex

  12. Defense Mechanisms • Rationalization – Create false but plausible excuse to justify unacceptable behavior. • Ex • Identification – Increase self-esteem by forming imaginary or real alliance with some person or group • ex

  13. 2.) Behavioral Perspective • Behaviorist review • B.F. Skinner views • Determinism – Personality and Behavior fully determined by environment • Human responses are shaped by operant conditioning (rewards and punishment determine personality) • How can reinforcement and punishment shape our personality?

  14. 2.) Behavioral Perspective • Albert Bandura- Observational Learning • Observational Learning – Organisms responding is influenced by observation of others. • ex

  15. 3.) Humanistic Perspective • Humanism – Emphasize unique qualities of humans (like our potential for freedom and personal growth) • Carl Roger’s Person Centered Therapy • Views personality structure in terms of one construct: The Self (Self-Concept)- collection of beliefs about one’s own nature, unique qualities and typical behavior. -Anxiety is result of experiences that don’t fit with our self-concepts -We thus ignore reality to protect self-concept

  16. Abraham Maslow’s Theory of Self- Actualization • Humans have a hierarchy of needs that must be met to reach full potential

  17. 4.) Biological Theories • Eyesenck Theory – Humans personality largely determined by genes • Minnesota twin study • Recent research in behavioral genetics providing more support that personality largely inherited

  18. Personality Assessment • Self-Report Inventories – Personality Tests that ask individuals to answer a series of questions about their behavior • Ex.) MMPI • Strengths and Weaknesses • Projective Tests – Ask participants to respond to vague ambiguous stimuli in ways that may reveal subjects needs, feelings, and personality traits • Rorschach test

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