Revisiting Mitigation Policies for Children Affected By HIV/AIDS and Other Vulnerable Children

1. Revisiting Mitigation Policies for Children Affected By HIV/AIDS and Other Vulnerable Children Waranya Teokul –NESDB, Thailand Viroj Tangcharoensathien- MOPH, Thailand International Seminar on Children Orphaned and Made Vulnerable by HIV/AIDS 6-8 September 2007 Zhengzhou, Henan, CHINA

2. Objectives • To assess the magnitude of OVC in East Asia and Pacific; • Toreview the socio-demographic profiles of and country responses to the needs of OVC; • To propose a conceptual framework of rationing in view of resources constraint; • To estimate per capita spending on OVC and finally estimate how much resources are required for implementing OVC program in the Asian context.

3. Primary Groups 1. Children affected by HIV and AIDS (CABA) living in poverty Specific Category Children infected with HIV; Children, at least one of their parents is infected by HIV; Orphans, at least one of their parents died of AIDS; Children living with an adult who is seriously ill due to HIV/AIDS Beneficiary Groups(1)

4. Primary Groups 2. Orphans living in poverty 3. Children made vulnerable due to other causes Specific Category Single Orphans Double Orphans; (Children whose parents in terminal stage of illness) Vulnerable children (no standard regional definitions) including street children, sexually exploited children, migrant children, children living in poverty etc. Beneficiary Groups(2)

5. Primary Groups 4. Families and Communities caring and supporting OVC Specific Category Biological parents & other caregivers; The Communities where these children livein Beneficiary Groups(3)

6. Estimate number of OVC in Asia, 2005 Paternal orphans 61% Maternal orphans32% Double orphans7% Orphans from all causes 70.1 million orphans 71.5 Million Orphans due to HIV/AIDS 1.4 million Children in poverty(2000)352.9 million Children living with HIV 176,400 Children affected by HIV/AIDS~7.9 million Not yet being Orphans ~ 6.5 million

7. Require comprehensive responses and context specific

8. Estimate unit cost for different services for Supporting HIV/AIDS affected OVC, US$/capita/annum

9. Estimate total financial need to support OVC in Asia: scenario 5 or 10 $ per month depending on per capita income of country, rich pays less, poor pays more)

10. Core policy recommendation Cash transfer to improve well being: • The scheme should engage trustworthy institutions, for example, community-based organizations, NGOs, local government, in identifying and delivering benefits to recipients, i.e., children, families or their care givers—while ensuring that they are thoroughly informed of their entitlements and creating strong oversight mechanisms.

11. Supporting policyrecommendations (1) 1.Engaging and institutionalizing capacity of community based partners: CBOs, NGOs, and local government to care for and responsive to needs of OVC or of destitute families, where by OVC and families are treated as part of solutions, by: • Strengthening and building community mechanism to analyze situation in the community and prioritizing target groups • Establishing community referral systems for coordinating assistance to OVC through various local mechanisms • Promoting networking and knowledge-sharing among public agencies, NGOs, International organizations and community-based organizations, as well as the media to scale up assistance to OVC

12. Supporting policyrecommendations (2) 2.Creating awareness at the national-level to enhance social responsibility for the care of OVCs by • Devising a set of strategies regarding psychosocial support which will enable OVC to be successful in their passage to adulthood, such as through role modeling in place of the absence of parental inspirations, skill building in art, music and sports, or engaging OVC in community activities. • Promulgating and enforcing legislation to ensure access to justice and judicial protection for OVCs and prohibiting discrimination against them; • Developing national plans of actions for incorporating OVCs then all children in the existing social welfare and social protection systems, or reforming the system

13. Poverty Relations with HIV and AIDS Orphan status communities identify those in poverty, since means-testing may not be easy for countries which do not have regular socio-economic surveys of households; social criteria regarding difficult circumstances, pertaining to community context could be applied only used when the dedicated financial resources to be deployed are HIV AIDS specific Double and recent orphans (<2years) have higher priority than single and less recent orphan. Resource constraints: targeting is unavoidable

14. Poverty and Orphans 4,669.75 million USD Double orphans 327.18 million USD Recent orphans 96.53 million USD Younger orphans (0-4 years) 20.64 million USD Orphans (5-9 years) 26.25 million USD Orphans (10-14 years) 49.64 million USD Non-recent orphans 230.65 million USD Younger orphans (0-4 years) 5.46 million USD Orphans (5-9 years) 47.36 million USD Orphans (10-14 years) 177.83 million USD

15. Paternal orphans 2,847.48 million USD Recent orphans 935.81 million USD Younger orphans (0-4 years) 268.35 million USD Orphans (5-9 years) 285.91 million USD Orphans (10-14 years) 381.54 million USD Non-recent orphans 1,911.67 million USD Younger orphans (0-4 years) 70.98 million USD Orphans (5-9 years) 499.97 million USD Orphans (10-14 years) 1,340.72 million USD

16. Maternal orphans 1,495.10 million USD Recent orphans 473.59 million USD 120.90 million USD Younger orphans (0-4 years) Orphans (5-9 years) 145.83 million USD Orphans (10-14 years) 206.86 million USD Non-recent orphans 1,021.50 million USD Younger orphans (0-4 years) 31.98 million USD Orphans (5-9 years) 260.85 million USD Orphans (10-14 years) 726.67 million USD

17. Thank you for your kind attention