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The Endocrine System. 6-3. f rom “I Run With the Bulls” by Mike Silva, 1995.
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from “I Run With the Bulls” by Mike Silva, 1995 And then the gun goes off. I run up the cobblestone street. People are jogging at a moderate pace. There’s no tremendous push for speed….The second gun goes off – now people pick up the pace: the bulls have been released….There’s a sudden burst of speed, energy, panic, of bodies, and the bulls are in the ring. I high tail it to the perimeter, having heard too many tales of bulls going mad in the ring….I caught up with Von and Don. I was just about the ask Don a question when I saw a bull charging Von. He stood frozen for a second, and at the last second jumped sideways in a crescent shape, as the bull missed him and tried to put his shoulder into Von. We ran up to him and he was five shades of white….
Brain Communication Systems • Nervous system • Endocrine system
The Endocrine System • Sends chemical messages (hormones) through the body • Hormones – made in the endocrine glands, travel in the blood and other body fluids • Ductless glands – go straight into the bloodstream
Hormones • Have various effects: • Body growth • Metabolic process • Get the body ready for action • Influence moods
Pituitary Gland • Controls growth and water and salt metabolism • Master gland • Controls the output of hormones by other glands • Hypothalamus monitors hormones in the blood & sends messages to correct inbalances
Thyroid Gland • Produces the hormone thyroxine • Stimulates certain chemical reactions important for all tissues of the body • Not enough thyroxine – feel lazy (hypothyroidism) • Too much thyroxine – lose weight, be over active (hyperthyroidism)
Adrenal Glands • Work when you are frightened or angry • Release epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) • Cause the heartbeat and breathing to increase • Heighten emotions • Give extra energy to handle tough situations • Release cortical steroids – help muscles develop & make the liver release stored sugar
Sex Glands • Types: • Ovaries – females • Produce eggs & hormone estrogen & progesterone • Testes – males • Produce sperm & sex hormone testosterone
Hormones vs. Neurotransmitters • Both affect the nervous system • Neurotransmitters – released next to the cell it is to excite or inhibit, travel quickly • Hormones – go into the bloodstream, travel more slowly