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Heredity is the passing of traits from parent to offspring.

Heredity is the passing of traits from parent to offspring. Heredity is responsible for how you have your mother ’ s eyes and your father ’ s smile. Along with this inherited similarity though, there is also variation , as we are not exact clones of our mothers and fathers.

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Heredity is the passing of traits from parent to offspring.

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  1. Heredity is the passing of traits from parent to offspring. Heredity is responsible for how you have your mother’s eyes and your father’s smile. Along with this inherited similarity though, there is also variation, as we are not exact clones of our mothers and fathers.

  2. Offspring are the new organisms produced by one or more parents. (children, babies, young)

  3. The study of heredity in biology is called genetics.

  4. Vocabulary Check • Trait –” a characteristic that is caused by genetics. Having green eyes or being shorter than average are traits a person might have.” (https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/trait) • Heredity – “refers to inheriting characteristics from your parents…to the passing on of genetic factors from one generation to the next.” (https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/trait) • Variation - a change or difference in an organism from the original/parent.

  5. The Father of Genetics • Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk who studied mathematics and science but became a gardener in a monastery. • He began to experiment with garden peas in 1856.

  6. Mendel thought there might be a connection between the color of a pea plant flower and the type of seed the plant produced. • Mendel made careful use of experimental design to study pea plants and had the first recorded study of how traits pass from one generation to the next.

  7. Reproduction Reproduction- biological process by which new "offspring" (individual organisms) are produced from their "parents". *It is the process by which an organism produces others of its same kind.

  8. Turn to your partner and discuss the following questions: • Do all organisms reproduce? • Do all organisms reproduce in the same way?

  9. Types of Reproduction • Asexual - one parent • Sexual - two parents

  10. Asexual Reproduction: a type of reproduction in which a new organism is produced from one parent and has the same DNA or genetic material as the parent. Spider plant offspring Yeast cells dividing (budding)

  11. Asexual Reproduction • Requires only one parent • Offspring have 100% the same chromosomes as the parent. • In other words, the offspring are exact “clones”of the parent.

  12. Turn to your partner and discuss 1 new fact that you just learned about asexual reproduction. • Then complete # 1-3 of the Asexual portion of your Reproduction Comparison page in your spiral.

  13. Asexual Reproduction Advantages: • Animals that remain in one particular place and are unable to look for mates would need to reproduce asexually. • Numerous offspring can be produced without "costing" the parent a great amount of energy or time. This type of reproduction is also faster. • Environments that are stable and experience very little change are the best places for organisms that reproduce asexually. *Animals are not the only organisms that reproduce asexually. Yeasts, plants, and bacteria are capable of asexual reproduction as well.

  14. Complete # 4 of the Asexual portion of your Reproduction Comparison page in your spiral.

  15. Asexual Reproduction Disadvantages: • Lack of genetic variation - all of the organisms are genetically identical and therefore share the same weaknesses. • If the stable environment changes, the consequences could be deadly to all of the individuals. *Animals are not the only organisms that reproduce asexually. Yeasts, plants, and bacteria are capable of asexual reproduction as well.

  16. Complete # 5 of the Asexual portion of your Reproduction Comparison page in your spiral.

  17. Sexual reproduction: a type of reproduction in which two cells, usually an egg and a sperm, join to form a new organism with its own genetic identity. Plant Animal

  18. Sexual Reproduction • Sexual Reproduction results in a variety of off spring. powerofpeace.com

  19. Turn to your partner and discuss 1 new fact that you just learned about Sexual reproduction. • Then complete # 1-3 of the Sexual portion of your Reproduction Comparison page in your spiral.

  20. Asexual Reproduction • Mitosis • Movie

  21. Sexual Reproduction Advantage: • Allows genetic variation within a species which assists with the species survival Disadvantages: • Requires 2 parents • Reproduction is slower

  22. Complete # 4 and 5 of the Sexual portion of your Reproduction Comparison page in your spiral.

  23. Sexual Reproduction • All the members of the Animal Kingdom • Fish • Mammals • Amphibians • Birds • Reptiles • Insects • Crustaceans

  24. Sexual Reproduction • Examples of organisms that reproduce sexually • Chickens • Iguanas • Lobsters • Sharks • Humans • Butterflies • Sunflowers • Roses

  25. Complete #6 of the Sexual portion of your Reproduction Comparison page in your spiral.

  26. Sexual Reproduction • Happens 2 ways • Internally (inside) • The egg is fertilized by sperm inside the female • Mammals, birds, reptiles, insects, spiders • Externally (outside) • The egg is fertilized by sperm outside the female • The female lays the eggs and then the male fertilizes them. • Fish and some amphibians • Plants and fungi (pollen and spores)

  27. Asexual ReproductionExamples

  28. Asexual Reproduction • Examples of organisms that reproduce asexually • Hydra • Sea Star • Strawberry • Eubacteria • Euglena • Paramecium • Sharks • Bees • Fish

  29. Complete #6 of the Asexual portion of your Reproduction Comparison page in your spiral.

  30. Types of Asexual Reproduction • Fragmentation Fragmentation is where a single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into whole new individuals. Ex. Planaria

  31. Types of Asexual Reproduction • Vegetative Propagation (Plant cuttings) • http://leavingbio.net/VEGETATIVEPROPAGATION.htm Vegetative Propagation is where new parts grow from parts of the parent plant. Ex. Spider Plant

  32. Types of Asexual Reproduction • Binary Fission • Bacteria • Protists Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction where every organelle is copied and the organism divides in two.

  33. Types of Asexual Reproduction • Budding • Movie Budding is where a new individual develops from an outgrowth of a parent, splits off, and lives independently.

  34. Types of Asexual Reproduction • Regeneration Regeneration occurs when a body part has broken off and the organism grows a new one. Ex. Lizard Tail *The ability to restore lost or damaged tissues, organs or limbs

  35. Asexual ReproductionMatching CardsActivity

  36. A whole new starfish can grow from a single arm that was cut off a starfish organism. • A planarian is a tiny flatworm that lives in ponds. If a planarian is cut into pieces, each piece will grow into a new planarian. • Yeast are one-celled organisms that produce offspring from a bulge that forms and breaks away from the parent.

  37. A paramecium is a one-celled organism that reproduces by splitting in half to become two new cells. • An ivy plant will reproduce a whole new plant if a piece of stem and leaf is placed into water or soil. Look at the cards in the envelope provided by your teacher. Match the words with the picture it belongs with.

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