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DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT OF RADIOACTIVITY

DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT OF RADIOACTIVITY. NANIK DWI NURHAYATI,S.SI,M.SI. RADIATION DETECTORS. Instruments used in the practice of health physics serve a wide variety of purposes

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DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT OF RADIOACTIVITY

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  1. DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT OF RADIOACTIVITY NANIK DWI NURHAYATI,S.SI,M.SI

  2. RADIATION DETECTORS • Instruments used in the practice of health physics serve a wide variety of purposes • one finds instruments designed specifically for the measurement of a certain type of radiation, such as low-energy X-rays, high-energy gamma rays. fast neutrons, and so on

  3. The basic requirement of any such instrument is that its detector interact with the radiation in such a manner that the magnitude of the instrument's response is proportional to the radiation effect or radiation property being measured

  4. Radiation Measurement Principles Calibration Signal Physical Chemical Biological Amplification Reader Detector Assessment

  5. RADIATION DETECTORS

  6. Type Radiation Detector • Detector Gas • Detector Scintilation • Detector Semikonduktor

  7. Radiation Detector • Elektroskup (Electroscope) • Kamar Ionisasi (Ionization Chamber) • Proporsional Counter • Geiger-Muller Counter • Cloud Chamber • Diffusion Chamber • Bubble Chamber • Nuclear Emulsion • Scintillation Counter • Solid State Detector • The Spark Chamber • Cerenkov Detecto

  8. Examples

  9. Operating Principles of Semiconductor detectors • Si semiconductor is a layer of p-type Si in contact with n-type Si. • What happens when this junction is created? • Electrons from n-type migrate across junction to fill holes in p-type • Creates an area around the p-n junction with no excess of holes or electrons • Called a “depletion region” • Apply (+) voltage to n-type and (-) to p-type: • Depletion region made thicker • Called a “reverse bias”

  10. Thermoluminescence • (TL) is the ability to convert energy from radiation to a radiation of a different wavelength, normally in the visible light range. • Two categories • Fluorescence - emission of light during or immediately after irradiation • Not a particularly useful reaction for TLD use • Phosphorescence - emission of light after the irradiation period. Delay can be seconds to months.  • TLDs use phosphorescence to detect radiation. 

  11. Summary • Wide range of detection equipment available • Understand strengths and weaknesses of each • No single detector will do everything • We’ll get to selection issues in the next two days

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