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Solid Waste Management

Solid Waste Management. Disposal Technology. Ahmed A.M. Abu Foul Environmental Department Islamic University of Gaza. What is waste?. Waste = any unwanted item or substance resulting from a human activity or process More consumption  more waste!

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Solid Waste Management

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  1. Solid Waste Management Disposal Technology Ahmed A.M. Abu Foul Environmental Department Islamic University of Gaza

  2. What is waste? • Waste = any unwanted item or substance resulting from a human activity or process • More consumption  more waste! • Municipal solid waste = from homes, institutions, small businesses • Industrial solid waste = from production of consumer goods, mining, petroleum extraction, agriculture • Hazardous waste = toxic, chemically reactive, flammable, or corrosive • Wastewater = water used in homes, businesses, etc., and drained or flushed, plus runoff from streets

  3. Why do we care about waste? • Waste degrades water, soil, and air quality; does environmental and ecological harm • Waste can do harm to human health • Waste is a symptom of inefficiency; wastes resources • Waste is unpleasant aesthetically

  4. What do we throw away?

  5. What do we throw away?

  6. Solid Waste Disposal Methods • Open Dumps • Landfills . • Ocean Dumping (Many cities in the US continued ocean dumping of municipal waste until 1988) • Compositing (Oil and meat products should not be put in composite); Composting is a waste disposal method that vastly reduces total waste volumes. • Incineration and Resources Recovery - Refuse-derived fuel has a higher energy content than raw refuse, but requires energy to sort before burning). - One of the sources of dangerous heavy metal emissions is from incinerating batteries

  7. Where does our trash go?

  8. Where does our trash go?

  9. Open Dump

  10. Landfills • In modern sanitary landfills, waste is buried or piled up so as to avoid contamination of the environment. •Site chosen carefully • Bottom and sides lined with plastic and clay • Groundwater monitored • Collection system for leachate (liquid with dissolved contaminants from trash that leaks from landfill) • Requirement to add trash and cover in optimal manner

  11. Sanitary landfill

  12. Old Landfill Problems • Leachate generation • Methane production • Incomplete decomposition • Settling

  13. Improving Landfills • Located above water table and away from airports • Contoured floor for leachate-collection system • Covered with earthen material • Groundwater monitoring wells

  14. Composting • Composting is the controlled biological decomposition to degrade organic matter • Compost is used for fertilizer, topsoil, landfill cover, and in other ways • The metabolic activity of the microorganisms can easily cause the temperature in the composting materials to rise to above 60 degree C • The microorganisms also like a fairly high moisture content or about 40 to 50 percent water, • The material should contain 15 to 18 percent oxygen and have a pH of 5.0 to 8.5

  15. Small home compost bin

  16. General design of a small composting bin for the home

  17. Does the Fume Contain Dioxins? Incineration • Incineration recovers energy that would otherwise be lost • Requires less land • Reduces odor but… • Emits dangerous cancer causing compounds called dioxins

  18. Waste-to-Energy

  19. The three Rs REDUCE • The best way for us to be more efficient and to decrease our impact on natural resources is to consume less energy and materials. • Reduce is the most often overlooked of the "three Rs" REUSE • Using a refillable beverage container (returnable bottles) would be an example of Reusing materials. RECYCLE • Recycling, in terms of solid waste management, means melting or shredding to make new products. • For example recycling aluminum is most important for saving raw materials, saving energy, saving landfill space, reducingpollutants in the air and water

  20. Waste reduction • Source reduction = preventing waste in the first place • A- Personal/consumer behavior: • Use fewer items • Buy less-packaged and longer-lived goods • Reuse items • Compost • B- Manufacturer behavior: • Make goods with less packaging • Make longer-lived goods • Adopt more-efficient production methods

  21. Waste reuse

  22. Recycling

  23. Why do we recycle? • Save money • New businesses • Reduce waste • People feel satisfaction in recycling responsibly – • It makes us feel good! It’s simple!

  24. Materials Recycled • Aluminum • Paper • Plastics • Iron and other metals • Glass

  25. Recycling rates

  26. Open dump Maximum impact on the environment Landfill Incineration without energy recovery Incineration with energy recovery Recycle Reuse Reduce waste Minimum impact on environment Waste management systems and their impacts on the environment

  27. THANK YOU!!!

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