1 / 35

Overview

Overview. Discussion of Library Assignment Brief Anatomy and Physiology of Nervous System Tissues of the Nervous System Transmission of Nerve Impulses Central Nervous System Brain Area Peripheral Nervous System Cranial Nerves Spinal Nerves Autonomic Nervous System Diseases

garyoverton
Download Presentation

Overview

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Overview • Discussion of Library Assignment • Brief Anatomy and Physiology of Nervous System • Tissues of the Nervous System • Transmission of Nerve Impulses • Central Nervous System • Brain Area • Peripheral Nervous System • Cranial Nerves • Spinal Nerves • Autonomic Nervous System • Diseases • Procedures

  2. Chapter Fourteen Nervous System

  3. Functions of the Nervous System • Control center for all body activities • Responds and adapts to changes that occur both inside and outside the body (Ex: pain, temperature, pregnancy)

  4. Tissues of the Nervous System • Two principal tissue types of the nervous system: • neurons (nerve cells) • the structural and functional units of the nervous system • specialized conductors of impulses • neuroglia (supporting tissues)

  5. Figure 14.2Two main types of nerve cells.

  6. Central Nervous System Neurons : microscopic nerve cells that make up the brain, spinal cord, and nerves - 30,000 neurons can fit on a pinhead

  7. Anatomy of a Neuron Each neuron contains: - Cell body with nucleus - Dendrites : fibers that receive messages from other neurons - Axons : fibers that send messages to other neurons

  8. Neurons do NOT touch; there is a gap between them called a synapse • Messages are sent across the synapses by special chemicals called neurotransmitters

  9. Neuron Video • https://youtu.be/o9p2ou1IyC0 • https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/synapse.html • Listen for these words • Synapse • Synaptic cleft • Neurotransmitters

  10. Cells of the Nervous System • Neurons (neur/o) • Dendrites (dendr/o) • Cell body • ganglion (gangli/o) • Axon • Myelin sheath • Synapse Neurotransmitters - A chemical that is released from a nerve cell which thereby transmits an impulse from a nerve cell to another.

  11. Tissues of the Nervous System • There are several types of neurons, three of which are: • Sensory neurons – afferent nerves convey towards the center, inflowing, conducting • Afferent - ad + ferre, to carry • Motor neurons – most are efferent carries away from synaptic ending to the muscle or organ to be innervated • Efferent - [L. efferens, fr. effero, to bring out]- to conduct out

  12. Differences

  13. Organization of the Nervous System • Central Nervous System (CNS) • Brain (encephal/o) and spinal cord (myel/o) • Peripheral nervous system (PNS) • 12 pairs Cranial nerves • 31 pairs spinal nerves • Somatic Nervous System • Autonomic Nervous System • Sympathetic – fight or flight • Parasympathetic – rest and digest

  14. Central Nervous System: Brain • Cerebellum- maintenance of balance, posture, coordination of voluntary movement and motor learning and language • Diencephalon “Between Brain” • Thalamus – relay center for sensory impulses • Hypothalamus –regulator of ANS, controls some metabolic activities • Brainstem • Midbrain • Pons • Medulla oblongata

  15. Central Nervous System: Brain Cerebrum

  16. Mind Mapping • https://youtu.be/DfgkAJmp9-A

  17. Peripheral Nervous System Nerves : visible bundles of axons and dendrites that extend from the brain and spinal cord to all other parts of the body

  18. On old Olympus' towering top a Fin and German viewed some hops see page 483 for list O: olfactory nerve (CN I) O: optic nerve (CN II) O: oculomotor nerve (CN III) T: trochlear nerve (CN IV) T: trigeminal nerve(CN V) A: abducens nerve (CN VI) F: facial nerve (CN VII) A: auditory (or vestibulocochlear) nerve (CN VIII) G: glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) V: vagus nerve (CN X) S: spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) H: hypoglossal (CN XII)

  19. Vasovagal Syncope • Vasovagal attack • The vasovagal response is a complex signaling of the brain that dilates the blood vessels in the legs, • slows the heart rate, and • very often causes fainting, • which is also called vasovagal syncope.

  20. The Spinal Cord • Spinal cord • 31 Pairs of spinal nerves • 8 pairs of cervical spinal nerves • 12 Thoracic spinal nerves • 5 pairs of lumbar spinal nerves • 5 pairs of sacral spinal nerves • 1 pair of coccygeal spinal nerves • Two roots • Dorsal/Sensory Root (afferent) • Ventral root (efferent) Spinal cord

  21. an- hemi- mono- para- poly- quadri- -cele -esthesia -graphy -gram -ia -lepsy -lysis -paresis -plegia Prefixes and Suffixes

  22. cerebell/o cerebr/o crani/o electr/o encephal/o esthesi/o hemat/o mening/o myel/o narc/o neur/o somn/o Combining Forms

  23. Dysphasia Gait, abnormal Neuralgia Paresthesia Seizure Syncope Tremors Vertigo Signs and Symptoms • Amnesia • Aphasia • Ataxia • Bradykinesia • Cephalalgia

  24. Congenital Disorders • Cerebral palsy (CP) • Hydrocephalus

  25. Traumatic Conditions • Coma • Concussion • Hematoma • Epidural • Subdural

  26. Degenerative Disorders • Alzheimer disease (AD) • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) • Lou Gehrig disease • Multiple sclerosis • Parkinson disease Demyelination

  27. Nondegenerative Disorders • Epilepsy • Narcolepsy • Bell palsy Bell palsy

  28. Infectious Diseases • Encephalitis • Meningitis

  29. Vascular Disorders • Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) • Transient ischemic attack (TIA) CVA

  30. Paralytic Conditions • Paralysis -plegia (stroke related) vs. –paresis (weakness to no movement) • Hemiparesis • Hemiplegia • Paraparesis • Paraplegia • Quadriparesis • Quadriplegia Paralysis

  31. Pharmacology • Analgesics • Anesthetics • Anticonvulsants • Hypnotics

  32. Imaging • Cerebral angiography • Myelography Angiography

  33. Diagnostic Tests • Lumbar puncture (LP)

More Related