3. Toxicology is used to determine a. the classification of a pathogen.

1. 1. Which of the following pollutants is used in agriculture and landscaping and might cause nerve damage, birth defects, and cancer in humans? a. particulate matterb. lead c. pesticidesbacteria

2. 2. Which of the following pollutants is found in old paint and gasoline and can cause brain damage and learning problems? • a. particulate matter • b. lead • c. coal dust • d. pesticides

3. 3. Toxicology is used to determine • a. the classification of a pathogen. • b. the vectors of a disease. • c. how poisonous a substance is. • d. what emerging viruses cause disease.

4. 4. After an outbreak of an illness, scientists use epidemiology to try to find • a. the origin of the disease. • b. how the disease spreads. • c. how to prevent the disease from spreading. • d. All of the above

5. 5. Radon, a pollutant that causes cancer, comes from • a. cigarette smoke. • b. granite bedrock. • c. processed foods. • d. drinking water.

6. Please make your selection • 6 What percentage of commercial chemicals have been tested for toxicity? • a. 10 percent • b. 30 percent • c. 50 percent • d. 90 percent

7. 7 Which of the following statements is correct? • a. Landfills solved pollution problems caused by waste disposal. • b. Wastewater from cities no longer carries toxic chemicals into waterways. • c. Laws regulating waste disposal have put an end to pollution problems caused by wastes. • d. Much of the pollution in our environment is a byproduct of inadequate waste disposal.

8. Please make your selection • 8. The environment is an important factor in the spread of cholera and dysentery because • a. air can carry the pathogens. • b. water provides a habitat in which the pathogens breed. • c. the pathogens reproduce in soil. • d. the disease is transmitted by mosquitoes.

9. Please make your selection • 9 Which of the following environmental changes is most likely to lead to the spread of parasites such as hookworm? • a. overuse of pesticides • b. global warming • c. overuse of antibiotics • d. soil erosion

10. Please make your selection • 10 Which of the following is an emerging virus? • a. West Nile • b. measles • c. diphtheria • d. schistosomiasis

11. 11. organism that causes disease 1 toxicology 2 dose 3 dose-response curve 4 epidemiology 5 risk assessment 6 particulates 7 pathogen 8 host 9 vector 10 emerging virus

12. . 12 study of the harmful effects of substances on organisms • 1 toxicology • 2 dose • 3 dose-response curve • 4 epidemiology • 5 risk assessment • 6 particulates • 7 pathogen • 8 host • 9 vector • 10 emerging virus

13. 13 study of the spread of disease • 1 toxicology • 2 dose • 3 dose-response curve • 4 epidemiology • 5 risk assessment • 6 particulates • 7 pathogen • 8 host • 9 vector • 10 emerging virus

14. 14 particles in the air that are small enough to breathe into the lungs • 1 toxicology • 2 dose • 3 dose-response curve • 4 epidemiology • 5 risk assessment • 6 particulates • 7 pathogen • 8 host • 9 vector • 10 emerging virus

15. 15 amount of a particular chemical to which a person is exposed • 1 toxicology • 2 dose • 3 dose-response curve • 4 epidemiology • 5 risk assessment • 6 particulates • 7 pathogen • 8 host • 9 vector • 10 emerging virus

16. 16 transmitter of a disease to people • 1 toxicology • 2 dose • 3 dose-response curve • 4 epidemiology • 5 risk assessment • 6 particulates • 7 pathogen • 8 host • 9 vector • 10 emerging virus

17. 17 organism in which a pathogen lives all or part of its life • 1 toxicology • 2 dose • 3 dose-response curve • 4 epidemiology • 5 risk assessment • 6 particulates • 7 pathogen • 8 host • 9 vector • 10 emerging virus

18. 18 estimate of the risk posed by an action or substance • 1 toxicology • 2 dose • 3 dose-response curve • 4 epidemiology • 5 risk assessment • 6 particulates • 7 pathogen • 8 host • 9 vector • 10 emerging virus

19. 19 previously unknown cause of disease • 1 toxicology • 2 dose • 3 dose-response curve • 4 epidemiology • 5 risk assessment • 6 particulates • 7 pathogen • 8 host • 9 vector • 10 emerging virus

20. 20 shows the relative effect of various doses of a drug or chemical on an organism • 1 toxicology • 2 dose • 3 dose-response curve • 4 epidemiology • 5 risk assessment • 6 particulates • 7 pathogen • 8 host • 9 vector • 10 emerging virus

21. Please make your selection • 21 Which of the following pollutants is found in vehicle exhaust, burning waste, fires, and tobacco smoke? • a. particulate matter • b. lead • c. coal dust • d. pesticides

22. Please make your selection • 22 Two diseases that can be caused directly by pollution are • a. measles and tuberculosis. • b. lead poisoning and lung cancer. • c. cholera and river blindness. • d. colds and flu.

23. Please make your selection • 23 Toxicology is the study of the harmful effects of • a. substances on organisms. • b. viruses on organisms. • c. pollutants on the environment. • d. antibiotics on viruses.

24. Please make your selection • 24 After an outbreak of an illness, scientists use epidemiology to try to find • a. the origin of the disease. • b. how the disease spreads. • c. how to prevent the disease from spreading. • d. All of the above

25. Please make your selection • 25 Naturally occurring pollutants can become hazardous when they are • a. introduced into food. • b. introduced into water. • c. above normal levels. • d. used by industry.

26. Please make your selection • .26 Vehicles burning fuel add what pollutants to air? • a. carbon monoxide and other particulates • b. organophosphates and other particulates • c. carbon monoxide and organophosphates • d. radon and heavy metals

27. Please make your selection • 27 . Which of the following statements is true about pollutants from waste disposal? • a. Laws regulating waste disposal are strictly enforced. • b. Old landfills still prevent any wastes from leaking. • c. Waste incineration plants no longer emit toxic products. • d. Many communities release raw sewage into a river or the ocean after a heavy rain.

28. Please make your selection • 28 Cholera and dysentery are spread through the environment by • a. air. • b. water. • c. soil. • d. mosquitoes.

29. Please make your selection • 29 People’s actions cause some disease-causing bacteria to become • a. unaffected by radiation. • b. extinct. • c. resistant to antibiotics. • d. emerging viruses.

30. Please make your selection • 30 Which environmental change is most likely to lead to the spread of parasites such as hookworm? • a. overuse of pesticides • b. resistance to antibiotics • c. overuse of antibiotics • d. contaminated soil

31. Please make your selection • 31 The hanta virus and Ebola virus are • a. common viruses. • b. emerging viruses. • c. treated with antibiotics. • d. prevented by immunizations.

32. Please make your selection • 32 . The toxic effect of a certain dose of a chemical on a person’s health depends on • a. the number of times a person is exposed. • b. the person’s size. • c. how well the person’s body breaks down the chemical. • d. All of the above

33. Please make your selection • 33 An estimate of the probability of a negative effect caused by a substance is a(n) • a. educated guess. • b. response assessment. • c. risk assessment. • d. dose-response curve.

34. Please make your selection • 34 Which pollutants cause health problems because they become trapped in the tiny air sacs in the lungs and cause irritation? • a. particulates in the air • b. bacteria in the air • c. bacteria in food • d. pesticides

35. Please make your selection • 35 In order for people to get malaria, they must • a. drink contaminated water. • b. eat contaminated food. • c. be bitten by a mosquito vector. • d. have contact with other people with the disease.

36. 36 brain damage and learning problems • a. particulates • b. pesticides • c. lead • d. coal dust • e. bacteria in food

37. 37 asthma, bronchitis, and cancer • a. particulates • b. pesticides • c. lead • d. coal dust • e. bacteria in food

38. 38 gastrointestinal infections • a. particulates • b. pesticides • c. lead • d. coal dust • e. bacteria in food

39. 39 nerve damage, birth defects, and cancer • a. particulates • b. pesticides • c. lead • d. coal dust • e. bacteria in food

40. 40 black lung disease • a. particulates • b. pesticides • c. lead • d. coal dust • e. bacteria in food