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ITER pathway: Any use to you?

ITER pathway: Any use to you?. J Jacquinot, Barcelona, 18 Sept. 09. ITER. Synopsis. What is ITER? History – Key milestones Key points for obtaining project approval Pro’s and Con’s of the international pathway.

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ITER pathway: Any use to you?

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  1. ITER pathway:Any use to you? J Jacquinot, Barcelona, 18 Sept. 09 ITER JJ, Summer Event, 21July 2009

  2. Synopsis • What is ITER? • History – Key milestones • Key points for obtaining project approval • Pro’s and Con’s of the international pathway NB: Astronomy has a considerable experience in joint programmes. In fact, there is much more to learn from you… JJ, Exoplanet meeting, Barcelona 18 Sept. 2009

  3. What is ITER? • Demonstrate fusion  500 MW, Q=10 • Size threshold beyond the capability of a single organisation • Requires the construction of a large instrument: • Construction: 500 M€ for 10 years • Operation: for 20 years • Challenges: • Scientific  burning plasma • Broad range of technologies  Supra, materials, mechanical, measurements etc. • Organisational • Independent ITER Organisation as UNESCO, UN • In-kind procurements via domestic agencies • 7 full partners, 35 countries • EU (host), China, India, Korea (south), Japan, Russia, USA • Site: Cadarache, France  big deal! • IO ratified by Treaty (end 2006) JJ, Exoplanet meeting, Barcelona 18 Sept. 2009

  4. ITER ITER JET TS R (m) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 Homo sapiens sapiens Engineering Construction Exploitation 1990 2006 2015 2035 • Size: 2 x JET • Power: 500 MW • Power Gain : 10 • - demonstrate D/T burning • Tritium breeding blanket • Flexibility  optimize DEMO parameters JJ, Exoplanet meeting, Barcelona 18 Sept. 2009

  5. ITER: major phases 1985-86JET/TFTR results then proposal in summits: Gorbatchev-Mitterand-Reagan-Tanaka. 1988-90Conceptual design under IAEA: Europe, Japan, URSS, USA. 1992-2001Detailed engineering design and prototyping: Objectives : 1.5 GW - 1000 s, then0.5 GW - 400 s/ CW R&D investments ~ 800 millions Euros. USA withdraws in 1998 then back in 2003! From 2002 : Negotiations : Russia, Japan, European Union, (Canada) then, since 2003, USA, China , South Korea Statutes, organisation, funding and site selection Broader approach by EU and Japan (ITER, materials, physics progr.) From 2006 : Organisations on 3 levels : International – partners - French India becomes a full member 24 October 2007 : Treaty signed by all parties IO starts  Today 450 people on site JJ, Exoplanet meeting, Barcelona 18 Sept. 2009

  6. ITER: Sharing costs Euratom Local authorities (~10%) State/CEA (~4%) Construction / 10 years / 4,7 G€ Euratom (~6%) 9 % 46 % 9 % 9 % 9 % 9 % 9 % Note: no partner holds an absolute majority Operation & dismantling/ 20 years / 5,7 G€ 34 % 13 % 13 % 10 % 10 % 10 % 10 % JJ, Exoplanet meeting, Barcelona 18 Sept. 2009

  7. Supply in kind Each domestic agency supplies part of the machine ‘In kind’ 90% of the machine is obtained this way Jean Jacquinot,, Cité du Livre 28 mai 2009

  8. Key points (1) • A visionary objective and a successful scientific precedent • Preferably at the international level (for ITER: JET • Project backed by the entire scientific community • Established networks (for ITER: IAEA, IEA, Euratom) • Preparations by a design team under a legal umbrella (for ITER: IAEA) • Periodic reviews (~ 2 per year) • Then construction/operation by an independent legal entity • Built in flexibility for novel ideas • Opportunistic steering committee • Grab windows of opportunities (they are short lived!) • Steady progress. Never risk a NO  may require many small steps JJ, Exoplanet meeting, Barcelona 18 Sept. 2009

  9. Key points (2) • Win-Win agreement • Fair return on each partner’s investment (for ITER: In-kind proc.) • Compensation if required (for ITER: EU/Japan broader approach) • Intellectual property rights (A lawyer’s delight, a nightmare for you!, problem of underlying technology) • Financing • Consider financing input by local authorities • NO pinching budget at the expense of other scientific endeavours! • Note: total resources for the field should increase after approval  Synergistic effect (for EU fusion budget doubled!)

  10. Pitfalls • Long, long process! • Political choices of IO management • Instability (avoided if treaty based) • Often inadequate • Multiplication of interfaces • Technical risks • Cost and delay overrun • Draw experience from precedents • Yours… • ITER, JET, ATLAS experiment in CERN • A380 (?) JJ, Exoplanet meeting, Barcelona 18 Sept. 2009

  11. Euratom Fusion Associations (26) Joint construction of JET (1978) • Euratom - CEA (1958) • France • Euratom – ENEA (1960) • Italy (incl. Malta) • Euratom - IPP (1961) • Germany • Euratom - FOM (1962) • The Netherlands • Euratom - FZJ (1962) • Germany • Euratom - Belgian State Belgium(1969) • (incl. Luxembourg) • Euratom - RISØ (1973) • Denmark • Euratom – UKAEA (1973) • United Kingdom • Euratom - VR (1976) • Sweden • Euratom - Conf. Suisse • Switzerland (1979) • Euratom - FZK (1982) • Germany • Euratom –CIEMAT (1986)Spain • Euratom – IST (1990) • Portugal • Euratom - TEKES (1995) • Finland (incl. Estonia) • Euratom - DCU (1996)Ireland • Euratom - ÖAW (1996) • Austria • Eur -Hellenic Rep (1999) Greece (incl. Cyprus) • Euratom - IPP.CR (1999) • Czech Rep. • Euratom - HAS (1999) • Hungary • Euratom – MEdC (1999)Romania • Euratom – Univ. Latvia Latvia(2002) • Euratom - IPPLM (2005) • Poland • Euratom - MHEST (2005) • Slovenia • Euratom – CU (2007) • Slovakia • Euratom – INRNE (2007) • Bulgaria • Euratom – LEI (2007) • Lithuania JJ, Summer Event, 21July 2009

  12. ITER and the broader approach UE/Japan ITER B.A. JT60-SA 47% IFERC 31% IFMIF-EVEDA 22% ~5 billions € ~0,68 billions € JJ, Exoplanet meeting, Barcelona 18 Sept. 2009 12

  13. In summary Be prepared for a long road with ups and downs Vision - Network – WinWin (fair return) – Visibility – Spin off Organisation: may be very complex • Scientifically: stimulating and efficient •  Would do it again! JJ, Exoplanet meeting, Barcelona 18 Sept. 2009

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